23645-04-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Cyclopropanediamines. 6. Autocatalytic Conversion of 1-Methyl-r-1,t-2-cyclopropanediamine into 4-Aminobutan-2-one in Aqueous Buffer Solutions of pH 6.5-10. Azomethine Ylides as Intermediates in the Catalysis by Alkyl Ketones
Saal, Wolfgang von der,Quast, Helmut
, p. 4920 - 4928 (1996)
The pKa values of 1,2-cyclopropanediammonium dibromides (1-5*2HBr) were determined by potentiometric titration with KOH.Corrections for overlapping ionizations and for the varying ionic strength were employed in the calculation of the thermodynamic acidities.The equilibrium constant KE = 2.9 of the two monoprotonated forms of trans-3b*H+ was derived from the pKa values and the pH dependence of proton spectra which were interpreted with the help of nuclear Overhauser experiments.The autocatalytic conversion of trans-3a*2HBr into 4-aminobutan-2-one (8) in various buffer solutions of pH = 6.5-10 was monitored by proton spectroscopy.This sequence of reactions is subject to a general acid/base catalysis and also catalyzed by acetone and butanone.
Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed amino alcohol oxidation: Substrate specificity and novel strategy for the synthesis of N-Cbz-3-aminopropanal
Masdeu, Gerard,Pérez-Trujillo, Míriam,López-Santín, Josep,álvaro, Gregorio
, p. 1204 - 1211 (2016/08/09)
The ability of chloroperoxidase (CPO) to catalyze amino alcohol oxidations was investigated. The oxidations of compounds with different configurations with respect to the amine position towards hydroxyl – using H2O2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) – were analyzed in terms of the initial reaction rate, substrate conversion, and CPO operational stability. It was observed that the further the amino group from the hydroxyl, the lower the initial reaction rate. The effect of the amino-protecting group and other substituents (i.e., methyl and hydroxyl) was also examined, revealing an increase in steric hindrance due to the effect of bulky substituents. The observed reaction rates were higher with t-BuOOH, whereas CPO was more stable with H2O2. Moreover, CPO stability had to be determined case by case as the enzyme activity was modulated by the substrate. The oxidation of N-Cbz-3-aminopropanol (Cbz, carboxybenzyl) to N-Cbz-3-aminopropanal was investigated. Main operational conditions such as the reaction medium, initial amino alcohol concentration, and peroxide nature were studied. The reaction kinetics was determined, and no substrate inhibition was observed. By-products from a chemical reaction between the formed amino aldehyde and the peroxide were identified, and a novel reaction mechanism was proposed. Finally, the biotransformation was achieved by reducing side reactions and identifying the key factors to be addressed to further optimize the product yield.
NEW CLASS OF GAMMA DELTA T CELLS ACTIVATORS AND USE THEREOF
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Page/Page column 40, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to a new class of compounds having γδ T cells activating properties, a composition comprising these compounds and methods for regulating an immune response in a subject comprising the step of administering these compounds.
Cyclopropanediamines. 5. Ring-Opening and Cis-Trans Isomerization of 1,2-Cyclopropanediamines in Aqueous Buffers
Saal, Wofgang von der,Quast, Helmut
, p. 4024 - 4029 (2007/10/02)
In aqueous phosphate buffer, pH = 5.8, at 25 deg C, the N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-cyclopropanediammonium dibromides 1b-3b react rapidly after an initiation phase of several hours to afford methanamine (ca. 1 mol) and traces of pyrroles besides unidentified products.The onset is delayed, and the reactions are slowed down drastically by hydroxylamine. cis-1b*2HBr partly isomerizes to trans-1b, which decomposes much more slowly. trans-3a*2HBr is converted quantitatively to 4-aminobutan-2-one 12a, and trans-3b*2HBr partly to 12b.Trans-4a*2HBr and trans-5a,b*2HBr are stable for several days. trans-6a*2HBr decomposes, while trans-6b*2HBr and trans-6c*2HBr form the 2-styrylpyrroles 19b and 19c, respectively.The reactions are interpreted in terms of a slow formation of carbonyl compounds during the initiation phase, which react with unchanged cyclopropanediamine to give iminium ions (8, 13, or 16).These open the cyclopropane ring to yield the crucial intermediates (9, 14, or 17) which possess both an azomethine ylide and an iminium moiety.These intermediates undergo ring closure to either a cyclopropane ring (9-->trans-8) or a dihydropyrrole ring (17-->18).Alternatively, the intermediates are hydrolyzed to Mannich bases (9-->10, 14-->12), which in turn react with unchanged cyclopropanediamine, thus completing an autocatalytic cycle.
Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Amino Alkenes to Cyclic Imines or Enamines and Amino Ketones
Pugin, B.,Venanzi, L. M.
, p. 6877 - 6881 (2007/10/02)
Amino alkenes of the type CH2=CH(CH2)nNH2 (n = 3,4) are cyclized to pyrrolines or piperideines under ''Wacker process''conditions.Amino alkenes with a secondary amino group yield the corresponding cyclic enamines, while tertiary amino alkenes give amino ketones.
