2435-16-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Lewis acid promoted ruthenium(II)-catalyzed etherifications by selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids/esters
Li, Yuehui,Topf, Christoph,Cui, Xinjiang,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
supporting information, p. 5196 - 5200 (2015/04/27)
Ethers are of fundamental importance in organic chemistry and they are an integral part of valuable flavors, fragrances, and numerous bioactive compounds. In general, the reduction of esters constitutes the most straightforward preparation of ethers. Unfortunately, this transformation requires large amounts of metal hydrides. Presented herein is a bifunctional catalyst system, consisting of Ru/phosphine complex and aluminum triflate, which allows selective synthesis of ethers by hydrogenation of esters or carboxylic acids. Different lactones were reduced in good yields to the desired products. Even challenging aromatic and aliphatic esters were reduced to the desired products. Notably, the in situ formed catalyst can be reused several times without any significant loss of activity. An assist from Al: A bifunctional catalyst system consisting of a Ru/phosphine complex and aluminum triflate allows selective hydrogenation of esters to ethers. A variety of lactones were reduced to the desired products in good yields. The catalyst further provides a general method for the reduction of linear esters and reductive etherification of carboxylic acids with alcohols.
A triruthenium carbonyl cluster bearing a bridging acenaphthylene ligand: An efficient catalyst for reduction of esters, carboxylic acids, and amides by trialkylsilanes
Matsubara, Kouki,Iura, Takafumi,Maki, Tomoyuki,Nagashima, Hideo
, p. 4985 - 4988 (2007/10/03)
An efficient reduction of carboxylic acids, esters, and amides with trialkylsilanes is accomplished using a triruthenium carbonyl cluster bearing a bridging acenaphthylene ligand, (μ3,η2:η3:η5 -acenaphthylene)Ru3(CO)7, as the catalyst. Preactivation of the catalyst by hydrosilanes accelerates the reactions. Sterically small trialkylsilanes are effective in these reactions. Reduction of carboxylic acids and amides efficiently produces the corresponding silyl ethers and amines, respectively. Reduction of esters gives a mixture of silyl and alkyl ethers, but can be controlled by changing the silanes and solvents.
