24942-76-5

Upstream product

• 7514-02-5 (E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-prop-2-enoic acid 
• 95-51-2 o-chloroaniline 
• 91-22-5 quinoline 
• 108-75-8 2,4,6-trimethyl-pyridine 
• 728-04-1 trans-α-(2'-chlorophenyl)cinnamic acid 
• 1449-46-3 benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide 
• 89-98-5 2-chloro-benzaldehyde 
• 1100-88-5 benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride 
• 103-82-2 phenylacetic acid 
• 1221065-99-1 C₁₃H₉ClN₂O₄S 
• 591-50-4 iodobenzene 
• 2039-87-4 2-chlorostyrene 
• 1377975-11-5 2-chlorobenzylmethyldiphenylphosphonium bromide 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 

Downstream Products

• 80663-50-9 2-((1E)-2-phenylvinyl)benzenecarbonitrile 
• 52095-24-6 (E)-1-{2-[2-phenylvinyl]phenyl}ethanone 
• 52231-33-1 trans-2-p-Toluoylstilben 
• 5162-03-8 (2-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone 
• 1657-51-8 (Z)-1-chloro-2-styrylbenzene 
• 1207-95-0 2-phenylbenzo[b]thiophene 
• 34082-45-6 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-phenylethane-1,2-dione 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Copper(0) nanoparticle catalyzed Z-Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Internal Alkynes

The use of copper(0) nanoparticles in the transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes has been investigated as a lead-free alternative to Lindlar catalysts. A stereo-selective methodology for the hydrogenation of internal alkynes to the corresponding (Z)-alkenes in high isolated yields (86% average) has been developed. This green and sustainable transfer hydrogenation protocol relies on non-noble copper nanoparticles for reduction of both electron-rich and electron-deficient, aliphatic-substituted and aromatic- substituted internal alkynes. Polyols, such as ethylene glycol and glycerol, have been proven to act as hydrogen sources, and excellent stereo- and chemoselectivity have been observed. Enabling technologies, such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation are shown to enhance heat and mass transfer, whether used alone or in combination, resulting in a decrease in reaction time from hours to minutes. (Figure presented.).

A photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated solvent-switchable route to stilbenes/vinyl sulfones from β-nitrostyrenes and arylazo sulfones

Photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated reactions, based on the presence of a visible-light-absorbing functional group in the starting material itself in order to exclude the often costly, hazardous, degradable and difficult to remove or recover photoredox catalysts, have been gaining momentum recently. We have employed this approach to develop a denitrative photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated protocol for the arylation/sulfonylation of β-nitrostyrenes employing arylazo sulfones (bench-stable photolabile compounds) in a switchable solvent-controlled manner. Arylazo sulfones served as the aryl and sulfonyl radical precursors under blue LED irradiation for the synthesis oftrans-stilbenes and (E)-vinyl sulfones in CH3CN and dioxane/H2O 2?:?1, respectively. The absence of any metal, photocatalyst and additive; excellent selectivity (E-stereochemistry) and solvent-switchability; and the use of visible light and ambient temperature are the prime assets of the developed method. Moreover, we report the first photocatalyst-free visible light-driven route to synthesize stilbenes and vinyl sulfones from readily available β-nitrostyrenes.

Custom-Made Pyrene Photocatalyst-Promoted Desulfonylation of Arylethenyl Sulfones Using Green-Light-Emitting Diodes

The Sonogashira coupling of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene with 4-[(-)-β-citronellyloxy]phenylethyne was employed to synthesize 1,3,6,8-tetra[4-(citronellyloxy)phenylethynyl]pyrene. The pyrene derivative catalyzed the reductive desulfonylation of ethenyl sulfones via visible-light irradiation (514 nm green light-emitting diodes) in the presence of i -Pr 2NEt. The β-citronellyloxy groups provided the sufficient solubility to the highly π-expanded pyrene catalyst, and their polar oxygen functionalities enabled the easy separation of the catalyst from the products via column chromatography.

Methanol as the Hydrogen Source in the Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Alkynes Enabled by a Manganese Pincer Complex

The first base metal-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of alkynes with methanol is described. An air and moisture stable manganese pincer complex catalyzes the reduction of a variety of different alkynes to the corresponding (Z)-olefins in high yields. The

Synthesis and characterization of Pd(II) and Ru(II) complexes of tetradentate N,N,N,N-(Diphosphinomethyl)amine ligands: Catalytic properties in transfer hydrogenation and heck coupling reactions

– Tetradentate N,N,N,N-(diphosphinomethyl)amine ligands and their Pd(II) and Ru(II) complexes were synthesized under a nitrogen atmosphere using Schlenk technique. The synthesized ligands and the complexes were characterized with 1H- and 31P-NMR, FT-IR, TG/DTA, and elemental analysis techniques. Pd(II) Complexes were used as catalysts in Heck coupling reactions and Ru(II) complexes were tried in transfer hydrogenation reactions of acetophenone derivatives. According to the results, L4-Pd(II) complex showed the best catalytic activity in the Heck coupling reaction of p-methylbromobenzene with o-chlorostyrene. It was confirmed that the reduction of bromo and chloroacetophenones in all catalysts the conversions were higher. The results showed that Ru(II) complexes as efficient catalysts and up to 99percent conversions was occurred with bromo and chloro acetophenones in K2CO3/isopropyl alcohol media at 80 °C.

Pd/Cu-free Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions applying cobalt nanoparticles supported on multifunctional porous organic hybrid

A new heterogeneous cobalt catalyst has been synthesized by immobilizing Co species onto a nitrogen-rich porous organic polymer (Co@imine-POP). The heterogeneous catalyst synthesized was efficient in Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions in green media under mild reaction conditions without inert air and phase transfer agents. This phosphine-, copper-, and palladium-free catalyst was stable under the reaction conditions and could be reused for at least eight successive runs without a discernible decrease in its catalytic activity.

A Bidentate Ru(II)-NC Complex as a Catalyst for Semihydrogenation of Alkynes to (E)-Alkenes with Ethanol

Four Ru(II)-NC complexes were tested as catalysts for semihydrogenation of internal alkynes to (E)-alkenes with ethanol, and the complex {(C5H4N)(C6H4)}RuCl(CO)(PPh3)2 (1a) showed the highest activity. The reactions proceeded well with 1 mol % catalyst loading and 0.1 equiv of t-BuONa at 110 °C for 1 h, and 32 alkenes were synthesized with excellent E:Z selectivity. This is the first ruthenium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of internal alkynes to (E)-alkenes using ethanol as the hydrogen donor.

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-Coupling of Bromobenzenes with Styrenes: Another Example of Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Potential Safety Hazards

The potential safety hazards associated with the Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling of bromobenzenes with styrenes were evaluated. The heat output from the reaction in various solvents was comparable in a variety of solvents; however, the rate of reaction was significantly faster in the presence of water. Thermal stability evaluation of the postreaction mixtures in DMSO and 3:1 DMSO/water by differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the onset temperatures of thermal decomposition were significantly lower than that of neat DMSO. Evaluation of the substrate scope revealed that the substitution pattern on the bromobenzene did not affect the heat output. The reaction rate of electron-deficient bromobenzenes was slower than that of the electron-rich bromobenzenes. In general, substituted styrenes afforded similar magnitudes of exotherms; however, the reaction rate of bromobenzene with 2-methylstyrene was significantly slower than the other studied styrenes. The predicted heat of reaction using the density functional theory method, B3LYP, was in good agreement with the experimental data. Such excellent agreement suggests that this calculation method can be used as a preliminary tool to predict heat of reaction and avoid exothermic reaction conditions. In many of the studied cases, the maximum temperature of a synthesis reaction was considerably higher than the solvent boiling point and thermal decomposition onset temperatures when the reaction was performed in DMSO or 3:1 DMSO/water. It is crucial to understand the thermal stability of the reaction mixture to design the process accordingly and ensure the reaction temperature is maintained below the onset temperature of decomposition to avoid potential runaway reactions.

Ligand-controlled iridium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes with ethanol: highly stereoselective synthesis of E- and Z-alkenes

A ligand-controlled iridium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes to E- and Z-alkenes with ethanol was developed. Effective selectivity control was achieved by ligand regulation. The use of 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) was critical for the stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes. The general applicability of this procedure was highlighted by the synthesis of more than 40 alkenes, with good stereoselectivities. The value of our approach in practical applications was investigated by studying the effects of pinosylvin and 4,4′-dihydroxystilbene (DHS) on zebrafish as a vertebrate model.

Synthesis of 1,2-diarylethylenes by Pd-catalyzed one-pot reaction of benzyl halides, tosylhydrazide, and aryl aldehydes

Background: Substituted olefins are versatile functional groups and intermediates in chemistry, medicine, electronics, and optics and materials science fields because of their unique properties. One important class of substituted olefins 1,2-diarylethylenes have attracted considerable attention due to their presence in both natural products and pharmacologically active substances. Methods: In this paper, we developed a one-pot two-step coupling reaction of aryl aldehydes, tosylhydrazide with benzyl halides by using inexpensive Pd(PPh3)4 as catalyst, leading to a variety of 1,2- diphenylethenes derivatives with moderate to good yields. Results: The desired 1,2-diarylethylenes were obtained in 46-96% yields via Pd(0)-catalyzed one-pot reaction of benzyl halides, tosylhydrazide, and aryl aldehydes. Conclusion: The catalytic system presented here enables the use of easily accessible starting materials and good functional group tolerance.