26438-27-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Redox-photosensitized reaction of indene using photosensitive surfactant in emulsion: dependence on oil droplet size and surfactant charge
Yoshimi, Yasuharu,Itou, Tatsuya,Hatanaka, Minoru
, p. 3257 - 3260 (2006)
A redox-photosensitized reaction of indene 2 using a photosensitive surfactant 1a in an oil-in-water emulsion proceeded efficiently to give alcohol 3 as a major product and is strongly influenced by the oil droplet size and surfactant charge.
Synergistic effects of alkali metals in the alkylation of naphthalene and toluene with ethene in the ArH-alkali metal systems in THF (ArH - naphthalene, phenanthrene)
Rummel,Yunusov,Kalyuzhnaya,Shur
experimental part, p. 1467 - 1472 (2009/09/06)
The use of mixtures of metallic lithium and sodium in the naphthalene-alkali metal systems in THF leads to a synergistic acceleration of the naphthalene alkylation with ethene at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The greatest synergistic effect is observed at a Li:Na molar ratio of 2:1. Under these conditions, the overall conversion of naphthalene into alkylation products (linear 1-alkylnaphthalenes and their dihydro derivatives) attains 88% after 24 h (a (Li + Na):C10H8 ratio is 2:1). The use of mixtures of metallic lithium and potassium in such systems results, however, in a synergistic retardation of the alkylation process. The strongest retarding effect is observed at a Li:K molar ratio of 1:1. The efficiency of the toluene alkylation with ethene in the naphthalene-alkali metal systems in THF is also increased on the replacement of lithium or sodium by their mixtures. The best results are obtained at a Li:Na molar ratio of 1:3. With this Li:Na ratio, toluene is almost quantitatively converted into linear and α-branched higher monoalkylbenzenes (24 h, (Li + Na):C10H8 = 2:1). The rate of the naphthalene alkylation with ethene in the presence of toluene is enhanced as well on an introduction of mixtures of lithium and sodium into the system. However the maximum of the activity is shifted here towards higher lithium content (Li:Na = 1:1). A similar synergistic effect of lithium and sodium was found on studying the toluene alkylation with ethene in the phenanthrene-Li-Na systems in THF (a (Li + Na):phenanthrene ratio is 3:1). An addition of potassium to sodium also considerably increases the efficiency of the toluene and naphthalene alkylation with ethene in the naphthalene-based systems. The possible mechanism of the alkali metal synergism in the above-mentioned alkylation reactions is discussed.
