26477-09-8Relevant articles and documents
Inhibitory activity on cholinesterases produced by aryl-phthalimide derivatives: green synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluation
Andrade-Jorge, Erik,Padilla-Martínez, Itzia I.,Ruiz-Maciel, Omar,Sánchez-Labastida, Luis A.,Soriano-Ursúa, Marvin A.,Trujillo-Ferrara, José G.
, (2020)
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment and loss of immediate memory resulting from neuronal death in different brain areas, mainly those producing acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve cognitive function, delay mental deterioration, and reduce other symptoms. Despite being the cornerstone for treating mild–moderate AD, these compounds are only palliative agents and often have severe adverse effects. Recently, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) has been found to be involved in AD. The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of six phthalimides with structural relationship with monoamines and evaluate them in vitro and in silico as AChE and BuChE inhibitors. In addition, a modified version of the Bonting and Featherstone method for determining AChE activity was adapted for the assessment of BuChE activity. Results: Six molecules (dioxoisoindolines A–F) were synthesized in good yields using a green chemistry approach. Dioxoisoindolines E and F were more active for AChE, with a Ki of 232 and 193 μM, respectively. Contrarily, dioxoisoindolines C and D showed up to fivefold greater selectivity for BuChE than AchE, with a Ki of 200 and 100 μM, respectively. The competitive inhibitory activity of the latter two molecules was similar to that of the reference compounds. Molecular docking demonstrated the participation of carbonyl carbons and aromatic rings in the high affinity of dioxoisoindoles for cholinesterases. Conclusion: The modified version of the Bonting and Featherstone method was successfully adapted to quantify BuChE activity. Dioxoisoindolines C and D displayed greater inhibition of BuChE versus AChE, with good inhibition of both enzymes. Thus, they are promising lead compounds for developing new BuChE/AChE inhibitors. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Novel synthesis of isoindoline/isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives under solventless conditions and evaluation with the human D2 receptor
Andrade-Jorge, Erik,Bahena-Herrera, José R.,Garcia-Gamez, Jesus,Padilla-Martínez, Itzia I.,Trujillo-Ferrara, José G.
, p. 2420 - 2431 (2017)
Isoindolines are the focus of much research because of being an important family of compounds present in a wide array of bioactive molecules. Although many different pathways of synthesis have been described, they do not follow green chemistry principles. The aim of this contribution was to develop a green synthesis technique for isoindolines/dioxoisoindolines. These compounds derived from analogs of important biogenic amines were tested in silico (on the human dopamine receptor D2) to predict their affinities and some pharmacokinetic parameters. One of them, YaI-01, was evaluated in vivo in a Parkinsonism mouse model. Seven molecules, including three isoindolines and four dioxoisoindolines, were synthesized using simple heating and relatively quick solventless reactions. They were then purified with a methodology as green as possible. Since no published crystal structure exists for dopamine receptor D2, it was necessary to generate and validate a homology model for molecular docking studies of the seven molecules synthesized presently. Docking was performed to assess affinity in terms of binding energy (?G). Apart from pharmacokinetic parameters, Lipinski’s rule of five and some properties of toxicity from QSAR models were evaluated. Whereas no risk was found for the isoindolines, there was evidence of three kinds of toxicity for the isoindoline-1,3-dione compounds. Overall, the in silico analysis suggests that the three isoindolines herein tested have the best properties as ligands of the dopamine receptor D2, interacting with the main amino acid residues at its allosteric binding site. YaI-01 (254 μmol/kg) reverted Parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.
Difluoromethylthiolation of Phenols and Related Compounds with a HF2CSO2Na/Ph2PCl/Me3SiCl System
Huang, Zhongyan,Matsubara, Okiya,Jia, Shichong,Tokunaga, Etsuko,Shibata, Norio
supporting information, p. 934 - 937 (2017/02/26)
A novel HF2CSO2Na/Ph2PCl/Me3SiCl system is disclosed for the late-stage direct difluoromethylthiolation of Csp2 and Csp3 nucleophiles. Difluoromethylthiolation of phenols and naphthols proceeded nicely under this system to regioselectively provide corresponding SCF2H compounds in good yields. Other substrates such as indoles, pyrroles, pyrazoles, enamines, ketones, and β-keto esters were also transformed to corresponding SCF2H products in good yields. The late-stage direct difluoromethylthiolation of a number of natural products and pharmaceutically attractive molecules was also achieved.
