287115-69-9

Upstream product

• 1282549-15-8 4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid 
• 74-88-4 methyl iodide 
• 167830-43-5 tert-butyl 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate 
• 56518-42-4 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid 
• 60441-79-4 methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzoate 
• 104447-91-8 methyl 4-bromomethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate 

Downstream Products

• 1282549-70-5 methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)benzoate 
• 1282549-35-2 methyl 3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

SUBSTITUTED AMIDE COMPOUND

A substituted amide compound is useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition, in particular a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases caused by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The compound is of a formula: In this formula, A is an optionally substituted aryl, etc.; B is an optionally substituted 5-membered aromatic hetero ring group; X is a single bond or —(CRX1RX2)n—; n is 1, 2, 3, or 4; RX1 and RX2 are hydrogen, etc.; Y1 to Y5 are each CRY or N; each RY is hydrogen, etc.; R1 and R2 are hydrogen, etc.; m is 1, 2, or 3; R3 is hydrogen, etc.; and R4 is an optionally substituted lower alkyl, etc.

Molecular Recognition of Amines and Amino Esters by Zinc Porphyrin Receptors: Binding Mechanisms and Solvent Effects

Zinc porphyrin receptors bearing 12 ester groups in the meso phenyl groups (1-3) were prepared, and binding of amines and α-amino esters was studied with emphasis on the binding mechanisms. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-bis(carbomethoxymethoxy)-4-carbomethoxyphenyl)porphyrin (free base of 1) showed that the receptor has a binding pocket above the porphyrin plane. UV-visible titration experiments revealed that the zinc porphyrin receptors bound amines and α-amino esters with binding constants (Ka) ranging from 0.5 to 52 700 M-1 in CH2Cl2 at 25°C. The ester functional groups of 1 assisted the binding of aromatic α-amino esters (Ka = 8 000-23 000 M-1 in CH2Cl2 at 25°C) and inhibited the binding of bulky aliphatic α-amino esters (Ka = 460 M-1 for Leu-OMe in CH2Cl2 at 25°C), ndicating that CH-π type interactions and steric repulsions control the selectivity. The binding of amines and α-amino esters was tight both in a nonpolar solvent (CH2Cl2) and in a polar solvent (water) but loose in a solvent of intermediate polarity (H2O-MeOH (1:1)), demonstrating that two competitive driving forces are operating: (1) attractive electrostatic forces between host and guest such as coordination of the amino group to the zinc atom, and (2) entropic forces stemming from desolvation as well as enthalpic forces due to the host-guest dispersion forces. The former forces drive the binding in CH2Cl2 while the latter forces drive the binding in water. The enthalpy changes in the binding in CH2Cl2 and those in water range from -50 to -30 kJ mol-1 and from -35 to 0 kJ mol-1, respectively. The entropy changes in CH2Cl2 and those in water range from -120 to -60 J K-1 mol-1 and from -50 to +60 J K-1 mol-1, respectively. Thus the binding in CH2Cl2 is characterized by large negative enthalpy changes, while that in water by less negative entropy changes. These thermodynamic parameters also indicate that host-guest polar interactions (enthalpic forces) drive the binding in CH2Cl2 while both host-guest dispersion interactions (an enthalpic force) and desolvation (an entropic force) drive the binding in water. Enthalpy-entropy compensation observed for the binding in water indicates that the binding of amines and amino esters in water by zinc porphyrins is associated with conformational changes as well as a high degree of dehydration. In CH2Cl2, no clear compensation was observed, consistent with the mechanism that neither desolvation processes nor conformational changes contribute significantly to the binding energetics.