29196-15-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A room temperature cyanation of (hetero)aromatic chlorides by an air stable nickel(II) XantPhos precatalyst and Zn(CN)2
Beattie, D. Dawson,Schareina, Thomas,Beller, Matthias
supporting information, p. 4291 - 4294 (2017/07/10)
A methodology for the synthesis of (hetero)aromatic nitriles from aryl chlorides at room temperature has been developed. This methodology uses an air and moisture stable nickel(ii) XantPhos precatalyst and Zn(CN)2 as the cyanide (CN-) source.
A Homogeneous Method for the Conveniently Scalable Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides
Burg, Finn,Egger, Julian,Deutsch, Johannes,Guimond, Nicolas
, p. 1540 - 1545 (2016/08/30)
Homogeneous conditions for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides were developed. This new system features a broad scope of aryl chlorides and bromides, uses 2-propanol or 1-butanol as solvent, and is readily scalable. The same conditions can also provide simple benzonitriles using the recently developed (TMEDA)NiCl(o-tolyl) precatalyst in conjunction with 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) as a ligand.
NEW SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR SUBTYPE 4 (SSTR4) AGONISTS
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Page/Page column 112, (2014/12/12)
The invention relates to 3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid amide derivatives of general formula (I), which are agonists of somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SSTR4), useful for preventing or treating medical disorders related to SSTR4. In addition, the invention relates to processes for preparing pharmaceutical compositions as well as processes for manufacture of the compounds according to the invention.
New Somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SSTR4) agonists
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Paragraph 0464; 0465; 0466; 0467; 0468, (2014/12/09)
3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylic acid amide derivatives which are agonists of somatostatin receptor subtype 4 (SSTR4), useful for preventing or treating medical disorders related to SSTR4.
Development of Pd/C-catalyzed cyanation of Aryl halides
Yu, Hannah,Richey, Rachel N.,Miller, William D.,Xu, Jiansheng,May, Scott A.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 665 - 668 (2011/03/19)
A practical method for palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides using Pd/C is described. The new method can be applied to a variety of aryl bromide and active aryl chloride substrates to effect efficient conversions. The process features many advantages over existing cyanation conditions and the practical utility of the process has been demonstrated on scale.
A facile microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl chlorides
Chobanian, Harry R.,Fors, Brett P.,Lin, Linus S.
, p. 3303 - 3305 (2007/10/03)
We report an efficient method for the preparation of aryl nitriles from aryl chlorides under either microwave assisted or thermal conditions. A catalyst system comprising tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium (Pd2(dba)3) and 2-(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl)dicyclohexylphosphine (S-Phos) is shown to effectively promote cyanation of various aryl chlorides with Zn(CN)2 as the cyanide source.
Improving palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides: Development of a state-of-the-art methodology using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as cyanating agent
Schareina, Thomas,Zapf, Alexander,Beller, Matthias
, p. 4576 - 4583 (2007/10/03)
Benzonitriles are easily accessible via palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as cyanide source. This method is applicable on both activated and deactivated aryl and heteroaryl bromides and activated chlorides giving the corresponding benzonitriles in good to excellent yield. Advantageously, the used cyanating agent is non-toxic and cheap. The presented catalyst system is rather simple and it is not necessary to add expensive phosphines, making the novel method also attractive for industrial applications. Benzonitriles are easily accessible via palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as cyanide source. This method is applicable on both activated and deactivated aryl and heteroaryl bromides and activated chlorides giving the corresponding benzonitriles in good to excellent yield. Advantageously, the used cyanating agent is non-toxic and cheap. The presented catalyst system is rather simple and it is not necessary to add expensive phosphines, making the novel method also attractive for industrial applications.
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) - A new cyanating agent for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides
Schareina, Thomas,Zapf, Alexander,Beller, Matthias
, p. 1388 - 1389 (2007/10/03)
A new advantageous cyanating agent, potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), is described for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides. All cyanide ions on the iron(II) center can be transferred to the aryl halide using palladium(II) acetate and dppf as the catalyst. Under optimized reaction conditions good yields of benzonitriles and unprecedented catalyst productivities are observed.
Progress in the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl chlorides
Sundermeier, Mark,Zapf, Alexander,Mutyala, Sateesh,Baumann, Wolfgang,Sans, Juergen,Weiss, Stefan,Beller, Matthias
, p. 1828 - 1836 (2007/10/03)
The development of new palladium catalysts for the cyanation of various aryl and heteroaryl chlorides is described. The combination of amine co-catalysts with chelating phosphine ligands, for example, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) or 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane (dpppe), allows an efficient cyanation of chloroarenes with simple potassium cyanide. General palladium-catalyzed cyanation of nonactivated and deactivated chloroarenes is possible for the first time. Studies of the oxidative addition of aryl halides to palladium triphenylphosphine complexes in the presence and absence of amines suggest that the co-catalyst is capable of preventing catalyst deactivation caused by the presence of excess cyanide ions in solution.
A new palladium catalyst system for the cyanation of aryl chlorides
Sundermeier, Mark,Zapf, Alexander,Beller, Matthias,Sans, Jürgen
, p. 6707 - 6710 (2007/10/03)
The influence of reaction conditions and additives on the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl chlorides with potassium cyanide has been investigated. Successful cyanation of aryl chlorides is observed in the presence of palladium catalysts using potassium cyanide. It is shown that the combination of a 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane ligand and the addition of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as a co-catalyst are the key factors in obtaining the corresponding aryl nitriles with improved catalyst productivities and selectivities.
