30267-40-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Site-Selective C?H Oxygenation via Aryl Sulfonium Salts
Sang, Ruocheng,Korkis, Stamatis E.,Su, Wanqi,Ye, Fei,Engl, Pascal S.,Berger, Florian,Ritter, Tobias
supporting information, p. 16161 - 16166 (2019/11/03)
Herein, we report a two-step process forming arene C?O bonds in excellent site-selectivity at a late-stage. The C?O bond formation is achieved by selective introduction of a thianthrenium group, which is then converted into C?O bonds using photoredox chemistry. Electron-rich, -poor and -neutral arenes as well as complex drug-like small molecules are successfully transformed into both phenols and various ethers. The sequence differs conceptually from all previous arene oxygenation reactions in that oxygen functionality can be incorporated into complex small molecules at a late stage site-selectively, which has not been shown via aryl halides.
Biobased Poly(ethylene furanoate) Polyester/TiO2 Supported Nanocomposites as Effective Photocatalysts for Anti-inflammatory/Analgesic Drugs
Koltsakidou, Anastasia,Terzopoulou, Zoi,Kyzas, George Z.,Bikiaris, Dimitrios N.,Lambropoulou, Dimitra A.
, (2019/02/24)
In the present study, polymer supported nanocomposites, consisting of bio-based poly(ethylene furanoate) polyester and TiO2 nanoparticles, were prepared and evaluated as effective photocatalysts for anti-inflammatory/analgesic drug removal. Nanocomposites were prepared by the solvent eVaporation method containing 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% TiO2 and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thin films of them have been prepared by the melt press and optimization of the photocatalytic procedure was conducted for the most efficient synthesized photocatalyst. Finally, mineralization was evaluated by means of Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction and ion release, while the transformation products (TPs) generated during the photocatalytic procedure were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Diclofenac derivatives with insulin-sensitizing activity
Wang, Jian Ta,Wang, Ying,Zhang, Ji Quan,Cui, Xing,Zhang, Yi,Zhu, Gao Feng,Tang, Lei
, p. 409 - 412 (2012/01/06)
A series of diclofenac derivatives were synthesized. The insulin-sensitizing activity of 28 new compounds was evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells. The compounds 10a and 10f exhibited similar insulin-sensitizing activity with positive drug rosiglitazone.
Syntheses and characterization of the acyl glucuronide and hydroxy metabolites of diclofenac
Kenny, Jane R.,Maggs, James L.,Meng, Xiaoli,Sinnott, Deborah,Clarke, Stephen E.,Park, B. Kevin,Stachulski, Andrew V.
, p. 2816 - 2825 (2007/10/03)
In humans, metabolism of the commonly used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug diclofenac 1 yields principally the 4′-hydroxy 2, 5-hydroxy 3, and acyl glucuronide 4 metabolites. All three metabolites have been implicated in rare idiosyncratic adverse react
Diclofenac toxicity to hepatocytes: A role for drug metabolism in cell toxicity
Bort, Roque,Ponsoda, Xavier,Jover, Ramiro,Gomez-Lechon, M. Jose,Castell, Jose V.
, p. 65 - 72 (2007/10/03)
Diclofenac, a 2-arylacetic acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been reported to cause adverse hepatic effects in certain individuals. To discriminate among possible mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, we examined the effects of diclofenac on human and rat hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines (HepG2, FaO), investigated the major biochemical events in the course of diclofenac cytotoxicity (calcium homeostasis, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction), and investigated whether cytotoxicity could be related to drug metabolism by cytochrome P-450. Acute diclofenac-induced toxicity in hepatocytes was preluded by a decrease in ATP levels, whereas no significant oxidative stress (decrease in glutathione and lipid peroxidation) or increase in intracellular calcium concentration could be observed at early incubation stages. Diclofenac was more cytotoxic to drug metabolizing cells (rat and human primary cultured hepatocytes) than to nonmetabolizing cell lines (HepG2, FaO). Despite the fact that diclofenac itself was effective in impairing ATP synthesis by mitochondria, we found evidence that toxicity was also related to drug metabolism and was reduced by the addition of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors (proadifen and ketoconazole) to culture medium. The in vitro cytotoxicity correlated well with the formation by hepatocytes of 5- hydroxydiclofenac and, in particular, N,5-dihydroxydiclofenac, a minor metabolite first characterized in this article. Hepatic microsomes showed the ability to both oxidize 5-hydroxydiclofenac to N,5-dihydroxydiclofenac and back reduce the latter to 5-hydroxydiclofenac with the consumption of NADPH. The experimental results suggest that the toxic effect of diclofenac on hepatocytes may be caused by drug-induced mitochondrial impairment, together with a futile consumption of NADPH.
Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships of diclofenac analogues
Moser,Sallmann,Wiesenberg
, p. 2358 - 2368 (2007/10/02)
The synthesis of a series of 2-anilinophenylacetic acid, close analogues of diclofenac, is described. These compounds were tested in two models used for evaluating the activity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID's), inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme activity in vitro, and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AdA) in rats. Statistically significant correlations were found between the inhibitory activities of the compounds in these two models, indicating that cyclooxygenase inhibition seems to be the underlying mechanism for the antiinflammatory activity of these compounds. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed that the crucial parameters for activity in both models were the lipophilicity and the angle of twist between the two phenyl rings. Optimal activities were associated with halogen or alkyl substituents in both ortho positions of the anilino ring. Compounds with OH groups in addition to two ortho substituents or compounds with only one or no ortho substituents were less active.
