309957-83-3Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis and characterization of N-demethylated metabolites of malachite green and leucomalachite green
Cho, Bongsup P.,Yang, Tianle,Blankenship, Lonnie R.,Moody, Joanna D.,Churchwell, Mona,Beland, Frederick A.,Culp, Sandra J.
, p. 285 - 294 (2007/10/03)
Malachite green (MG), a triphenylmethane dye used to treat fungal and protozoan infections in fish, undergoes sequential oxidation to produce various N-demethylated derivatives (monodes-, dides(sym)-, dides(unsym)-, trides-, and tetrades-) both before and after reduction to leucomalachite green (LMG). The close structure resemblance of the metabolites with aromatic amine carcinogens implicates a potential genotoxicity from exposure to MG. The availability of the synthetic standards is important for metabolic and DNA adduct studies of MG. This paper describes a simple and versatile method for the synthesis of MG, LMG, and their N-demethylated metabolites. The synthesis involves a coupling of 4-(dimethylamino)-benzophenone or 4-nitrobenzophenone with the aryllithium reagents derived from appropriately substituted 4-bromoaniline derivatives, followed by treatment with HCl in methanol. The resulting cationic MG and their leuco analogues showed systematic UV/vis spectral and tandem mass fragmentation patterns consistent with sequential N-demethylation. The extensive 1H and 13C spectral assignments of the metabolites were aided by the availability of 13C7-labeled MG and LMG. The results indicate the existence of a resonance structure with the cationic charge located in the central methane carbon (C7). The synthetic procedure is general in scope so that it can be extended to the preparation of N-demethylated metabolites of other structurally related N-methylated triphenylmethane dyes.
Synthesis and characterization of 4'-amino and 4'-nitro derivatives of 4-N,N-dimethylaminotriphenylmethane as precursors for a proximate malachite green metabolite
Cho, Bongsup P,Blankenship, Lonnie R,Moody, Joanna D,Doerge, Daniel R,Beland, Frederick A,Culp, Sandra J
, p. 7379 - 7388 (2007/10/03)
This paper describes the preparation of 4'-amino (2) and 4'-nitro (3) derivatives of 4-N,N-dimethylaminotriphenylmethane as precursors for presumed DNA-binding metabolites of malachite green. The primary amine 2 was synthesized via a condensation of 4-lit