3234-26-2Relevant articles and documents
Olefin epoxidation in solventless conditions and apolar media catalysed by specialised oxodiperoxomolybdenum complexes
Herbert, Matthew,Montilla, Francisco,Galindo, Agustín
, p. 111 - 120 (2011)
The epoxidation of olefin substrates, in both apolar organic media and under solventless conditions, with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and catalysed by molybdenum complexes has been investigated. The catalysts compounds employed were the oxodiperoxomolybdenum complexes of several pyridine, 2,2′-bipyridine and pyrazole ligands with apolar functions (alkyl chains, alkyl-trimethylsilyl groups and polydimethylsiloxanyl polymer), which showed enhanced solubility in relatively apolar organic media. Both the isolated complexes and in situ preparations were catalytically active. The solubility of the new catalyst complexes appears to facilitate the catalytic activity in these systems, since activity was not observed for the analogous, insoluble complexes of unfunctionalised ligands. In these systems, the oxidant, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, forms a separate phase and the catalyst resides in the organic phase. From a green chemistry and economic perspective the elimination of organic solvents and co-catalysts from a reaction system would present advantages and, consequently, the epoxidation reaction was also investigated under solventless conditions. The 3-hexyl-5-methylpyrazole and 3-hexyl-5-heptylpyrazole complexes were found to show heightened activities, the latter being particularly efficient in these conditions, whilst bipyridines apparently inhibit the epoxidation. In addition, the mechanism of the epoxidation reaction was studied through DFT calculations for the model olefin substrate ethylene with the oxodiperoxomolybdenum complex of 3-hexyl-5-heptylpyrazole. The oxo-transfer reaction occurred by interaction of the ethylene with the peroxo ligand via the spirocyclic transition state proposed by Sharpless.
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of supported vanadium Schiff base complex as a magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst in epoxidation of alkenes and oxidation of sulfides
Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba,Bahjati, Mohammad,Mortazavi-Manesh, Anahita
, p. 200 - 206 (2019)
A new magnetically separable nanocatalyst was successfully synthesized by immobilizing of vanadyl acetylacetonate complex, [VO(acac)2], onto silica coated magnetite nanoparticles previously functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTES) and reacted by 5-bromosalicylaldehyde to form Schiff base moiety. The obtained nanocatalyst was characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), FT-IR spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Eventually, the resulting nanoparticles were used as catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes and oxidation of sulfides using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant.
Ionic liquid surfactants as multitasking micellar catalysts for epoxidations in water
Cokoja, Mirza,Jess, Andreas,Korth, Wolfgang,Schmidt, Fabian,Zehner, Bastian
, p. 4448 - 4457 (2020)
We present a single-component catalyst system for the epoxidation of hydrophobic olefins in aqueous solution. The aggregation of surface-active 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids (IL) containing the catalytically active tungstate dianion leads to micelles, which solubilise apolar olefins in aqueous media. The micellisation of tungstate allows for the epoxidation of cyclooctene and other olefins in water, using environmentally benign hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The structural characterisation of the micelles under catalysis conditions as well as the substrate uptake have been studied by cryo-TEM. 183W-NMR studies revealed that the catalytically active species is a tetraperoxotungstate complex. The addition of organophosphonic acids results in a significant boost of the catalytic activity by formation of a tungstate-phosphonate adduct, investigated using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The versatile functionalisability of the imidazolium cation enables a covalent linkage of a phosphonate group, which is further increasing the catalytic activity.
Nonheme manganese(III) complexes for various olefin epoxidation: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity
Lee, Sojeong,Park, Soyoung,Lee, Myoung Mi,Lee, Jiyoung,Kim, Cheal
, (2021/03/14)
Three mononuclear imine-based non-heme manganese(III) complexes with tetradentate ligands which have two deprotonated phenolate moieties, ([(X2saloph)Mn(OAc)(H2O)], 1a for X = Cl, 1b for X = H, and 1c for X = CH3, saloph = N,N-o-phenylenebis(salicylidenaminato)), were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-Mass and elemental analysis. MnIII complexes catalysed efficiently various olefin epoxidation reactions with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) under the mild condition. MnIII complexes 1a and 1c with the electron-withdrawing group -Cl and electron-donating group –CH3 showed little substituent effect on the epoxidation reactions. Product analysis, Hammett study and competition experiments with cis- and trans-2-octene suggested that MnIV = O, MnV = O, and MnIII-OOC(O)R species might be key oxidants in the epoxidation reaction under this catalytic system. In addition, the use of PPAA as a mechanistic probe demonstrated that Mn-acylperoxo intermediate (MnIII-OOC(O)R) 2 generated from the reaction of peracid with manganese complexes underwent both the heterolysis and the homolysis to produce MnV = O (3) or MnIV = O species (4). Moreover, the MnIII-OOC(O)R 2 species could react directly with the easy-to-oxidize substrate to give epoxide, whereas the species 2 might not be competent to the difficult-to-oxidize substrate for the epoxidation reaction.
Olefin epoxidation with ionic liquid catalysts formed by supramolecular interactions
Ding, Bingjie,Hou, Zhenshan,Li, Difan,Ma, Wenbao,Yao, Yefeng,Zhang, Ran,Zheng, Anna,Zhou, Qingqing
, (2020/12/29)
This work demonstrated that the specific ionic liquids (ILs) have been designed via the supramolecular complexation between 18-crown-6 (CE) and ammonium peroxoniobate (NH4-Nb). The resultant ILs have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, Raman, NMR, DSC, conductivity measurement and MALDI-TOF, etc. The IL (CE-1) consisting of CE and ammonium peroxoniobate can be further coordinated with GLY to generate a new IL (CE-2), which showed both high catalytic activity in epoxidation with H2O2 and good recyclability. The characterization of 93Nb NMR spectra revealed that the peroxoniobate anions has demonstrated a structural evolution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, in which Nb[dbnd]O species can be easily oxidized into the catalytically active niobium?peroxo species. Especially, the supramolecular complexation can provide suitable hydrophobicity, which ensured that the hydrophobic olefins and allylic alcohols were easily accessible to the catalytically active anions, and thus facilitated the epoxidation reaction. Notably, the supramolecular IL catalysts in this work exhibited a huge advantage of the easy availability, as compared with the previously reported peroxoniobate-based ILs. As far as we know, this is the first example of the highly selective epoxidation of olefins and allylic alcohols by using supramolecular ILs as catalysts.
Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a Molybdenum(VI) Schiff base complex: Design of a new catalytic system for sustainable olefin epoxidation
Ataie, Saeed,Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba,Ferlin, Francesco,Heydar Moravej, Seyed,Kia, Reza,Mahmoudi, Hamed,Raithby, Paul R.,Vaccaro, Luigi,Zare, Maryam
, (2020/06/22)
A targeted new dioxo molybdenum(VI) ONO Schiff base complex was prepared for catalyzing epoxidation of olefins in water. This complex was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, UV–Vis, and X-ray crystallography techniques. DFT calculations are additionally performed to find ground and transition states for finding electronic structure and UV–Vis assignment. Afterward, a new protocol was defined for sustainable catalytic epoxidation of olefin in water using this complex as a green catalyst, and also remarkable results are obtained, such as turn over number up to 1400.
