3333-14-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ARENECARBONITRILES WITH ALIPHATIC AMINES. 1. EFFECT OF ARENE STRUCTURE ON AMINYL VS. alpha -AMINOALKYL RADICAL FORMATION.
Lewis,Zebrowski,Correa
, p. 187 - 193 (1984)
The photochemical reactions of several singlet arenecarbonitriles with aliphatic amines have been investigated. The reactions of 9-phenanthrenecarbonitrile with diethylamaine and its N- and alpha -C deuterated derivatives result in exclusive N-H atom transfer to yield the diethylaminyl and 9-cyano-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-9-yl radicals in benzene solution. Increased solvent polarity results in the formation of both diethylaminyl and 1-(ethylamino)ethyl radical. Similar results are obtained with 9-anthracenecarbonitrile. The competition between aminyl vs. alpha -aminoalkyl radical formation in this and other reactions is reviewed. Aminyl radical formation is characteristic of relatively nonpolar heteroexcimers in which hydrogen bonding may favor N-H transfer. Pure charge-transfer exciplexes, like alkoxyl radicals, yield predominantly the thermodynamically more stable alpha -aminoalkyl radical.
Rearrangements in Aryl Substituted α,β-Unsaturated Nitriles. A Collisional Activation Study
Madhusudanan, K. P.,Murthy, V. S.,Fraisse, D.
, p. 812 - 816 (1989)
The rearrangement reactions following electron ionization in a number of aryl substituted conjugated nitriles have been studied using labelled compounds and collisional activation (CA) spectroscopy.The results indicate that α-phenyl cinnamonitriles and 9,10-dihydro-9-cyanophenanthrene rearrange to a common intermediate which loses CH3(.) or Ch2CN(.) to give the ions at m/z 190 and 165.The CA spectrum of the deuterated analogue (compound 2) shows that there is a complete hydrogen scrambling prior to the loss of the CH3(.) radical.The fluoroderivatives (compounds 5 and 6) behave similarly to the parent nitrile.The introduction of chlorine or bromine into the aromatic ring alters the fragmentation pattern and the only favoured decomposition pathway is the loss of a halogen radical.The CA spectra of the doubly charged ions at m/z 102 and 88 are also discussed.The CA spectrum of the M(1+.) ion 1,1-dicyano-2-phenyl ethylene is characterized by the presence of a rearrangement ion at m/z 103 (PhCN(1+.)).
Enantioselective Arylcyanation of Styrenes via Copper-Catalyzed Radical Relay?
Chen, Pinhong,Liu, Guosheng,Zhuang, Weiwen
, p. 50 - 54 (2021)
The first copper-catalyzed enantioselective arylcyanation of styrenes has been developed using readily available anilines as aryl radical precursors under mild conditions, which enables easy access to chiral 2,3-diaryl propionitriles with moderate to good
Crystalline C - C and C=C Bond-Linked Chiral Covalent Organic Frameworks
Yuan, Chen,Fu, Shiguo,Yang, Kuiwei,Hou, Bang,Liu, Yan,Jiang, Jianwen,Cui, Yong
, p. 369 - 381 (2021)
While crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) linked by C-C bonds are highly desired in synthetic chemistry, it remains a formidable challenge to synthesize. Efforts to generate C-C single bonds in COFs via de novo synthesis usually afford amorphous structures rather than crystalline phases. We demonstrate here that C-C single bond-based COFs can be prepared by direct reduction of C=C bond-linked frameworks via crystal-to-crystal transformation. By Knoevenagel polycondensation of chiral tetrabenzaldehyde of dibinaphthyl-22-crown-6 with 1,4-phenylenediacetonitrile or 4,4′-biphenyldiacetonitrile, two olefin-linked chiral COFs with 2D layered tetragonal structure are prepared. Reduction of olefin linkages of the as-prepared CCOFs produces two C-C single bond linked frameworks, which retains high crystallinity and porosity as well as high chemical stability in both strong acids and bases. The quantitative reduction is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and cross-polarization magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopy. Compared to the pristine structures, the reduced CCOFs display blue-shifted emission with enhanced quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes, while the parent CCOFs exhibit higher enantioselectivity than the reduced analogs when be used as fluorescent sensors to detect chiral amino alcohols via supramolecular interactions with the built-in crown ether moieties. This work provides an attractive strategy for making chemically stable functionalized COFs with new linkages that are otherwise hard to produce.
Rapid and Simple Access to α-(Hetero)arylacetonitriles from Gem-Difluoroalkenes
Hu, Dandan,Liu, Jiayue,Ren, Hongjun,Song, Jinyu,Zhang, Jun-Qi,Zhu, Guorong
supporting information, p. 786 - 790 (2022/01/28)
A scalable cyanation of gem-difluoroalkenes to (hetero)arylacetonitrile derivatives was developed. This strategy features mild reaction conditions, excellent yields, wide substrate scope, and broad functional group tolerance. Significantly, in this reacti
Nickel/Cobalt-Catalyzed Reductive Hydrocyanation of Alkynes with Formamide as the Cyano Source, Dehydrant, Reductant, and Solvent
Zhang, Jin,Luo, Cui-Ping,Yang, Luo
, p. 283 - 288 (2020/12/01)
A Ni/Co co-catalyzed reductive hydrocyanation of various alkynes was developed for the production of saturated nitriles. Hydrocyanic acid is generated in situ from safe and readily available formamide. Formamide played multiple roles as a cyano source, dehydrant, and reductant for the NiII pre-catalyst and vinyl nitriles, along with acting as the co-solvent in this reaction. Detailed mechanistic investigation supported a pathway via hydrocyanation of C≡C bond and the subsequent reduction of C=C bond. Wide substrate scope, the employment of a cheap and stable nickel salt as pre-catalyst, a safe cyano source and convenient experimental operation render this hydrocyanation practical for the laboratory synthesis of saturated nitriles. (Figure presented.).
Base-controlled chemoselectivity: direct coupling of alcohols and acetonitriles to synthesise α-alkylated arylacetonitriles or acetamides
Bai, Liang,Ge, Min-Tong,Li, Chen,Qiu, Yuan-Rui,Wang, Ying,Xia, Ai-Bao,Xu, Dan-Qian
, p. 15200 - 15204 (2021/09/06)
We achieved chemoselective synthesis of α-alkylated arylacetonitriles and acetamides by combining Ir complex-catalysed direct coupling of alcohols and nitriles by a simple adjustment of the base. Methanol and ethanol performed well as the alkylating reagents. This method of acetonitrile alkylation provided a novel approach for carbon chain extension.
Method for preparing alpha-aryl nitrile and compound
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Paragraph 0238; 0245-0246, (2021/01/12)
The invention discloses a method for preparing alpha-aryl nitrile, which comprises the following steps: assembling aryl sulfoxide and alpha, beta unsaturated nitrile under the action of an activator to form a rearrangement precursor, rearranging the rearrangement precursor under the action of alkali to obtain a rearrangement intermediate, adding inorganic alkali, and reacting at room temperature to obtain alpha-aryl nitrile. The invention also discloses a product obtained by the preparation method. Compared with the prior art, the method synthesizes alpha-aryl nitrile from aryl sulfoxide and alpha, beta unsaturated nitrile under mild conditions, and has the advantages that 1) the method is mild in reaction condition, good in selectivity, high in yield, easy in product separation, simple tooperate and good in functional group compatibility; 2) the raw materials used in the method are cheap and easily available, so that the defects that the alkalinity is too strong, the reaction condition requirement is strict and the reaction substrate is limited in the traditional method are avoided; and 3) the reaction mechanism is novel, and a new synthetic route is opened up for benzene ring ortho-position functionalization.
α-Alkylation of arylacetonitriles with primary alcohols catalyzed by backbone modified N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(i) complexes
Arslan, Burcu,Gülcemal, Süleyman
, p. 1788 - 1796 (2021/02/16)
A series of backbone-modified N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of iridium(i) (1d-f) have been synthesized and characterized. The electronic properties of the NHC ligands have been assessed by comparison of the IR carbonyl stretching frequencies of thein situprepared [IrCl(CO)2(NHC)] complexes in CH2Cl2. These new complexes (1d-f), together with previously prepared1a-c, were applied as catalysts for the α-alkylation of arylacetonitriles with an equimolar amount of primary alcohols or 2-aminobenzyl alcohol. The catalytic activities of these complexes could be controlled by modifying the N-substituents and backbone of the NHC ligands. The NHC-IrIcomplex1fbearing 4-methoxybenzyl substituents on the N-atoms and 4-methoxyphenyl groups at the 4,5-positions of imidazole exhibited the highest catalytic activity in the α-alkylation of arylacetonitriles with primary alcohols. Various α-alkylated nitriles and aminoquinolines were obtained in high yields through a borrowing hydrogen pathway by using 0.1 mol%1fand a catalytic amount of KOH (5 mol%) under an air atmosphere within significantly short reaction times.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING NITRILE COMPOUND
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Paragraph 0032-0042, (2021/09/17)
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method whereby, while using a catalyst that contains a transition metal and can be relatively easily synthesized, even with a small amount of the transition metal, a nitrile compound can be produce efficiently by the α-alkylation of the nitrile compound. SOLUTION: A method includes the steps of: causing a nitrile compound having a nitrile-containing group represented by formula (1) and a primary alcohol compound represented by formula (2) to react with each other in a reaction liquid containing a transition metal nanoparticle of at least one of a ruthenium nanoparticle or a palladium nanoparticle, a base and a solvent, to produce a nitrile compound having a nitrile-containing group represented by formula (3). SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2021,JPOandINPIT
