6114-57-4

Upstream product

• 16610-80-3 (E)-2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile 
• 140-29-4 phenylacetonitrile 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 
• 100-39-0 benzyl bromide 
• 123-11-5 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde 
• 100-51-6 benzyl alcohol 
• 764-42-1 1,2-Dicyanoethylene 
• 15022-93-2 Z-α-bromostilbene 
• 103-30-0 (E)-1,2-diphenyl-ethene 
• 7677-24-9 trimethylsilyl cyanide 
• 14906-59-3 4-cyanopyridine N-oxide 
• 501-65-5 diphenyl acetylene 
• 100-53-8 phenylmethanethiol 
• 150-60-7 dibenzyl disulphide 

Downstream Products

• 116028-00-3 2,3,4,4-tetraphenyl-butyronitrile 
• 873973-22-9 2-ethyl-2,3-diphenyl-valeronitrile 
• 5468-19-9 (+/-)-erythro-2,3,4-triphenyl-butyronitrile 
• 5468-19-9 (+/-)-threo-2.3.4-triphenyl-butyronitrile 
• 3333-14-0 2,3-diphenylpropionitrile 
• 16610-80-3 (E)-2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile 
• 5415-80-5 2,3-diphenylpropan-1-amine 
• 87119-24-2 (2RS,3RS)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-diphenyl-propionic acid amide 
• 42308-86-1 2,3-Dinitro-2,3-diphenyl-propionitrile 
• 80764-34-7 (3E,7E)-2,9-Dimethoxy-2,5,5,6,6,9-hexamethyl-deca-3,7-diene 
• 80764-30-3 (1R,3R,4R)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-propenyl)-1,4-diphenyl-cyclobutanecarbonitrile 
• 80795-30-8 (1R,3S,4R)-2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-propenyl)-1,4-diphenyl-cyclobutanecarbonitrile 
• 80764-29-0 (1S,2R,4R)-3,3-Dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-propenyl)-1,4-diphenyl-cyclobutanecarbonitrile 
• 80795-29-5 (1S,2S,4R)-3,3-Dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-propenyl)-1,4-diphenyl-cyclobutanecarbonitrile 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

"on Water" Direct Organocatalytic Cyanoarylmethylation of Isatins for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-3-cyanomethyl Oxindoles

An "on water" organocatalytic cyanoarylmethylation of aryl acetonitrile to isatins is developed, giving products in high yields and up to excellent diastereoselectivities. A remarkable enhancement of reaction rates and diastereoselectivities by water was observed under mild conditions. Moreover, this approach provides a highly efficient and environmentally benign access to thermodynamic 3-hydroxy-3-cyanomethyl oxindoles.

Identification of (Z)-2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile as anti-cancer molecule in Persian gulf sea cucumber holothuria parva

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also named cancerous hepatoma, is the most common type of malignant neoplasia of the liver. In this research, we screened the Persian Gulf sea cucumber Holothuria parva (H. parva) methanolic sub-fractions for the possible existence of selective toxicity on liver mitochondria isolated from an animal model of HCC. Next, we purified the most active fraction. Thus the structure of the active molecule was identified. HCC was induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) protocol. Rat liver mitochondria for evaluation of the selective cytotoxic effects of sub-fractions of H. parva were isolated and then mitochondrial parameters were determined. Our results showed that C1 sub-fraction of methanolic extract of H. parva considerably increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), swelling in mitochondria and cytochrome c release only on HCC liver mitochondria. Furthermore, the methanolic extract of H. parva was investigated furthermore and the active fraction was extracted. In this fraction, (Z)-2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile molecule, which is also known as α-cyanostilbene, was identified by mass analysis. This molecule increased ROS generation, collapse of MMP, swelling in mitochondria and finally cytochrome c release only on HCC liver mitochondria. The derivatives of (Z)-2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile in other natural products were also reported as an anti-cancer agent. These results suggest the eligibility of the (Z)-2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile as a complementary therapeutic agent for patients with HCC.

Accelerated Discovery of α-Cyanodiarylethene Photoswitches

Cyanodiarylethene chromophores are able to undergo constitutional exchange via dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC). During this process, the central ethylene bridge of the molecular scaffold can be broken and thereby enables the assembly of a new combination of aryl moieties around the reformed ethylene bridge. The reversible CC double bond exchange has exemplarily been investigated using α-cyanostilbenes. Establishing a dynamic equilibrium reaction from α-cyanodiarylethene with arylacetonitriles under mild conditions has been the basis to access constitutional libraries of new photoswitches with potentially improved properties. When subject to irradiation with light of adequate wavelength, α-cyanodiarylethenes undergo Z/E isomerization followed by ring-closure. By screening the thus accessible dynamic chromophore libraries using a desired detection wavelength, we could identify specific dithienyl analogues that exhibit three-state photochromism. The combination of dynamic constitutional libraries of functional chromophores in combination with the light-guided screening and selection should lead to more rapid exploration of structural diversity dye chemistry.

Pyrenedione-Catalyzed α-Olefination of Nitriles under Visible-Light Photoredox Conditions

Herein, we report a combination of pyrenedione (PD) and KOtBu to achieve facile alcohol dehydrogenation under visible-light excitation, where aerobic oxygen is utilized as the terminal oxidant. The resulting carbonyl compound can be easily converted to vinyl nitriles in a single-pot reaction, at 60 °C in 6-8 h. This environmentally benign, organocatalytic approach has distinct advantages over transition-metal-catalyzed α-olefination of nitriles, which often operate at a significantly higher temperature for an extended reaction time.

Pd(II)-Catalyzed CC Bond Cleavage by a Formal Group-Exchange Reaction

A chelation-assisted palladium-catalyzed CC bond cleavage of α, β-unsaturated ketone to form alkenyl nitrile in the presence of nitrile is disclosed on the basis of a formal group-exchange reaction formulated as C1C2 + C3 → C1C3 + C2, differing from normal alkene oxidative cleavage and metathesis type. The isolated key active Pd(II) complex as well as deuterium-labeled experiment revealed the necessity of the chelation group, and a plausible catalytic pathway was proposed.

Direct C–S Bond Functionalization of Benzyl Mercaptan

Cleavage of a C–S bond of benzyl mercaptan led to formation of a new C–C bond during (Z)-selective alkenylation of nitriles using 1,10-phenanthroline as organocatalyst and tBuOK as a base. Furthermore, we have shown that the cascaded functionalization of benzylic C–S and aryl–halide bonds could be done in one pot. 1H NMR study and kinetic experiments also helped to establish the mechanism of the reaction.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides and Hydrocyanation of Alkynes via C-CN Bond Cleavage and Cyano Transfer

We report nickel-catalyzed cyanation and hydrocyanation methods to prepare aryl nitriles and vinyl nitriles from aryl halides and alkynes, respectively. Using inexpensive and nontoxic 4-cyanopyridine N-oxide as the cyano shuttle, the methods provide an efficient approach to prepare aryl cyanides and vinyl nitriles under mild and operationally simple reaction conditions with a broad range of functional group tolerances. In hydrocyanation of alkynes, the method demonstrated good regioselectivity, producing predominantly E- or Z-alkenyl nitriles in a controlled manner and exclusively Markovnikov vinyl nitriles when internal diaryl alkynes and terminal alkynes were applied as the substrates, respectively. The preliminary mechanistic investigation indicated that the C-CN bond cleavage process is promoted by oxidative addition to the nickel(I) complex in the cyanation of aryl halides, and further studies via a series of deuterium exchange experiments indicated that water serves as the hydrogen source for the hydrocyanation of alkynes.

Antiproliferative activity and mode of action analysis of novel amino and amido substituted phenantrene and naphtho[2,1-b]thiophene derivatives

Herein we present and describe the design and synthesis of novel phenantrene derivatives substituted with either amino or amido side chains and their biological activity. Antiproliferative activities were assessed in vitro on a panel of human cancer cell lines. Tested compounds showed moderate activity against cancer cells in comparison with 5-fluorouracile. Among all tested compounds, some compounds substituted with cyano groups showed a pronounced and selective activity in the nanomolar range of inhibitory concentrations against HeLa and HepG2. The strongest selective activity against HeLa cells was observed for acrylonitriles 8 and 11 and their cyclic analogues 15 and 17 substituted with two cyano groups with a corresponding IC50 = 0.33, 0.21, 0.65 and 0.45 μM, respectively. Compounds 11 showed the most pronounced selectivity being almost non cytotoxic to normal fibroblasts. Additionally, mode of biological action analysis was performed in silico and in vitro by Western blot analysis of HIF-1-α relative expression for compounds 8 and 11.

Ni-Mediated Generation of "cN" Unit from Formamide and Its Catalysis in the Cyanation Reactions

The in situ generation of a "cyano" unit from readily available organic precursors is of high interest in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report the first example of Ni-mediated dehydration of formamide to form "CN" and its subsequent catalytic applications in the hydrocyanation of alkynes and cyanation of aryl halides. Formamide can serve as a convenient source for the nitrile unit, in that it releases water as the only byproduct.

Stereoarrayed 2,3-Disubstituted 1-Indanols via Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution-Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation

Activated racemic 2,3-disubstituted 1-indanones 1 possessing two stereolabile centers were stereoselectively reduced to the corresponding chiral 2,3-disubstituted-1-indanols 2 by ruthenium(II)-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution-asymmetric transfer hydro