3392-97-0

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
2,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is used as a reactant for the synthesis of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives, which are known as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. These derivatives play a crucial role in the development of medications to combat HIV-1 infections.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
2,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is used as a starting material in the preparation of 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde through a demethylation process. This transformation is achieved using reagents such as AlBr3, which helps in the synthesis of various organic compounds with potential applications in different industries.
Used in Research and Development:
The demethylation of 2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehydes with magnesium iodide etherate has been studied extensively in research settings. This process allows for the exploration of new synthetic pathways and the development of novel compounds with potential applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, materials science, and agrochemicals.

InChI:InChI=1/C9H10O3/c1-11-8-4-3-5-9(12-2)7(8)6-10/h3-6H,1-2H3

Upstream product

• 114568-18-2 (E)-1,3-dimethoxy-2-(prop-1-en-1-yl)benzene 
• 76505-14-1 2ξ-(2,6-dimethoxyphenylhydroxymethyl)-2ξ-hydroxy-3ξ-hydroxymethyl-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane 
• 121336-28-5 1,3-Dimethoxy-2-phenethyloxymethyl-benzene 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 93-61-8 N-methyl-N-phenylformamide 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 68-12-2 N,N-dimethyl-formamide 
• 151-10-0 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene 
• 109-94-4 formic acid ethyl ester 
• 31709-82-7 (2,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-glyoxylic acid 
• 387-46-2 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 
• 77-78-1 dimethyl sulfate 
• 112185-37-2 C₉H₉O₃ 
• 7664-93-9 sulfuric acid 

Downstream Products

• 80152-42-7 ethyl-2,6-dimethoxy-cinnamate 
• 29866-51-1 3-bromo-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 
• 189567-69-9 diethyl 5-(2',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3,7,8-tetramethylpyrromethane-1,9-dicarboxylate 
• 311804-57-6 trans-3-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propen-1-one 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

2,6-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Analogues of the Iron Chelator Salicylaldehyde Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone: Increased Hydrolytic Stability and Cytoprotective Activity against Oxidative Stress

Salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) is a small molecule and lipophilic chelating agent that firmly binds ferric ions from the cellular labile iron pool and is able to protect various tissues against oxidative damage. Previously, SIH possessed the best ratio of cytoprotective efficiency to toxicity among various iron chelators, including the desferrioxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox used in clinical practice. Here, we prepared a series of 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde aroylhydrazones as SIH analogues with an additional hydroxyl group that can be involved in the chelation of metal ions. Compound JK-31 (2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 4-chlorobenzohydrazone) showed the best cytoprotective efficiency among the studied compounds including SIH. This compound significantly protected H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells against oxidative stress induced by various pro-oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, paraquat, epinephrine, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (a toxic metabolite of paracetamol), and 6-hydroxydopamine. The exceptional cytoprotective activity of JK-31 was confirmed using epifluorescence microscopy, where JK-31-treated H9c2 cells maintained a higher mitochondrial inner membrane potential in the presence of a lethal dose of hydrogen peroxide than was observed with cells treated with SIH. Hence, this study demonstrates the deleterious role of free iron ions in oxidative injury and the potential of 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde aroylhydrazones in the prevention of various types of cardiac injuries, highlighting the need for further investigations into these compounds.

Efficient and Mild Regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Oximes and Hydrazones by Manganese(III) Porphyrin-Periodate

The periodate-manganese tetraphenylporphyrin, Mn(tpp)/1O4-, catalytic system is efficient in regenerating the parent carbonyl compounds from oximes and phenylhydrazones at room temperature.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Aldehyde C?H Activation and Functionalization with Dioxazolones: An Entry to Imide Synthesis

A rhodium(III)-based catalytic system has been used to develop a C?H bond activation of benzaldehyde derivatives and subsequent functionalization with dioxazolones in order to afford imides. The importance of the nature of the directing group to perform selectively the aldehydic C?H bond activation has been highlighted. The scope investigation showed that this transformation could be applied to various dioxazolones and many benzaldehyde derivatives as well as an acrolein derivative. Derivatization reactions of the imide products demonstrated the synthetic utility of this rhodium-catalyzed aldehydic C?H amidation.

Selective Electrochemical Oxygenation of Alkylarenes to Carbonyls

An efficient electrochemical method for benzylic C(sp3)-H bond oxidation has been developed. A variety of methylarenes, methylheteroarenes, and benzylic (hetero)methylenes could be converted into the desired aryl aldehydes and aryl ketones in moderate to excellent yields in an undivided cell, using O2 as the oxygen source and lutidinium perchlorate as an electrolyte. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry studies, 18O labeling experiments, and radical trapping experiments, a possible single-electron transfer mechanism has been proposed for the electrooxidation reaction.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of hydrazide-hydrazones as inhibitors of laccase from trametes versicolor

A series of hydrazide-hydrazones 1-3, the imine derivatives of hydrazides and aldehydes bearing benzene rings, were screened as inhibitors of laccase from Trametes versicolor. Laccase is a copper-containing enzyme which inhibition might prevent or reduce the activity of the plant pathogens that produce it in various biochemical processes. The kinetic and molecular modeling studies were performed and for selected compounds, the docking results were discussed. Seven 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide (4-HBAH) derivatives exhibited micromolar activity Ki = 24-674 μM with the predicted and desirable competitive type of inhibition. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that a slim salicylic aldehyde framework had a pivotal role in stabilization of the molecules near the substrate docking site. Furthermore, the presence of phenyl and bulky tert-butyl substituents in position 3 in salicylic aldehyde fragment favored strong interaction with the substrate-binding pocket in laccase. Both 3- and 4-HBAH derivatives containing larger 3-tert-butyl-5-methyl- or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-benzylidene unit, did not bind to the active site of laccase and, interestingly, acted as non-competitive (Ki = 32.0 μM) or uncompetitive (Ki = 17.9 μM) inhibitors, respectively. From the easily available laccase inhibitors only sodium azide, harmful to environment and non-specific, was over 6 times more active than the above compounds.

Generation of Phosphoranyl Radicals via Photoredox Catalysis Enables Voltage-Independent Activation of Strong C-O Bonds

Despite the prevalence of alcohols and carboxylic acids as functional groups in organic molecules and the potential to serve as radical precursors, C-O bonds remain difficult to activate. We report a synthetic strategy for direct access to both alkyl and acyl radicals from these ubiquitous functional groups via photoredox catalysis. This method exploits the unique reactivity of phosphoranyl radicals, generated from a polar/SET crossover between a phosphine radical cation and an oxygen-centered nucleophile. We show the desired reactivity in the reduction of benzylic alcohols to the corresponding benzyl radicals with terminal H atom trapping to afford the deoxygenated products. Using the same method, we demonstrate access to synthetically versatile acyl radicals, which enables the reduction of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehydes with exceptional chemoselectivity. This protocol also transforms carboxylic acids to heterocycles and cyclic ketones via intramolecular acyl radical cyclizations to forge C-O, C-N, and C-C bonds in a single step.

Synthesis and Characterization of meso-Substituted Cobalt Tetradehydrocorrin and Evaluation of Its Electrocatalytic Behavior Toward CO2 Reduction and H2 Evolution

A meso-aryl substituted cobalt(II) tetradehydrocorrin complex (Co(II)TDHC) has been synthesized and investigated. The corrin framework, determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis, is found to be relatively planar except at the C1 and C19 positions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements indicate two positively shifted reversible redox couples at -0.53 and -1.70 V vs Fc/Fc+ for [CoII]+/[CoI] and [CoI]/([CoI]?- and/or [CoII]-) ([CoII] = Co(II)TDHC), respectively, compared with the previously reported cobalt porphyrin complex, because the tetradehydrocorrin ligand efficiently promotes the formation of low-valent metal species due to its monoanionic character. Furthermore, it is found that the current in the CV measurement is significantly enhanced upon addition of H2O under a CO2 atmosphere, indicating the progression of electroreductive catalysis by Co(II)TDHC. However, controlled-potential electrolysis (CPE) using Co(II)TDHC under the same conditions shows generation of H2 as a major product and only a small amount of CO as a CO2 reduction product; Faradaic efficiencies are calculated to be 66.8 and 4.5%, respectively. The CPE with a buffer solution under an N2 atmosphere reveals that the selective H2 generation is promoted by the moderate acidification of the solution under CO2 saturation conditions. The present study demonstrates that the significantly stabilized Co(I) species with the monoanionic ligand framework preferentially catalyzes the thermodynamically favored H2 evolution rather than CO2 reduction.

Exploring the Strength of the H-Bond in Synthetic Models for Heme Proteins: The Importance of the N?H Acidity of the Distal Base

The distal hydrogen bond (H-bond) in dioxygen-binding proteins is crucial for the discrimination of O2with respect to CO or NO. We report the preparation and characterization of a series of ZnIIporphyrins, with one of three meso-phenyl rings bearing both an alkyl-tethered proximal imidazole ligand and a heterocyclic distal H-bond donor connected by a rigid acetylene spacer. Previously, we had validated the corresponding CoIIcomplexes as synthetic model systems for dioxygen-binding heme proteins and demonstrated the structural requirements for proper distal H-bonding to CoII-bound dioxygen. Here, we systematically vary the H-bond donor ability of the distal heterocycles, as predicted based on pKavalues. The H-bond in the dioxygen adducts of the CoIIporphyrins was directly measured by Q-band Davies-ENDOR spectroscopy. It was shown that the strength of the hyperfine coupling between the dioxygen radical and the distal H-atom increases with enhanced acidity of the H-bond donor.

Pinpoint-fluorinated phenanthrene synthesis based on C-F bond activation of difluoroalkenes Dedicated to Prof. Véronique Gouverneur on the occasion of her receipt of the 2014 ACS Award for Creative Work in Fluorine Chemistry.

Treatment with a cationic palladium(II) catalyst promoted the Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization of 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes bearing a biphenyl skeleton to afford regioselectively fluorinated (pinpoint-fluorinated) phenanthrenes via C-F bond activation. The obtained pinpoint-fluorinated phenanthrenes were observed to be organized by π-π and C-H?F interactions to exhibit columnar and layer structures in the solid state.

The Key Role of the Nonchelating Conformation of the Benzylidene Ligand on the Formation and Initiation of Hoveyda-Grubbs Metathesis Catalysts

Experimental studies of Hoveyda-Grubbs metathesis catalysts reveal important consequences of substitution at the 6-position of the chelating benzylidene ligand. The structural modification varies conformational preferences of the ligand that affects its exchange due to the interaction of the coordinating site with the ruthenium center. As a consequence, when typical S-chelated systems are formed as kinetic trans-Cl2 products, for 6-substituted benzylidenes the preference is altered toward direct formation of thermodynamic cis-Cl2 isomers. Activity data and reactions with tricyclohexylphosphine (PCy3) support also a similar scenario for O-chelated complexes, which display fast trans-Cl2?cis-Cl2 equilibrium observed by NMR EXSY studies. The presented conformational model reveals that catalysts, which cannot adopt the optimal nonchelating conformation of benzylidene ligand, initiate through a high-energy associative mechanism.