35507-10-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Noncovalent Interactions Drive the Efficiency of Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis
Ferreira, Marco A. B.,De Jesus Silva, Jordan,Grosslight, Samantha,Fedorov, Alexey,Sigman, Matthew S.,Copéret, Christophe
, p. 10788 - 10800 (2019)
High-throughput experimentation and multivariate modeling allow identification of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) in monoaryloxy-pyrrolide Mo imido alkylidene metathesis catalysts prepared in situ as a key driver for high activity in a representative metathesis reaction (homodimerization of 1-nonene). Statistical univariate and multivariate modeling categorizes catalytic data from 35 phenolic ligands into two groups, depending on the substitution in the ortho position of the phenol ligand. The catalytic activity descriptor TON1h correlates predominantly with attractive NCIs when phenols bear ortho aryl substituents and, conversely, with repulsive NCIs when the phenol has no aryl ortho substituents. Energetic span analysis is deployed to relate the observed NCI and the cycloreversion metathesis step such that aryloxide ligands with no ortho aryls mainly impact the energy of metallacyclobutane intermediates (SP/TBP isomers), whereas aryloxides with pendant ortho aryls influence the transition state energy for the cycloreversion step. While the electronic effects from the aryloxide ligands also play a role, our work outlines how NCIs may be exploited for the design of improved d0 metathesis catalysts.
Stereodivergent synthesis of alkenes by controllable syn-/anti-fragmentation of β-hydroxysulfonyl intermediates
Górski, Bartosz,Basiak, Dariusz,Grzesiński, ?ukasz,Barbasiewicz, Micha?
supporting information, p. 7660 - 7663 (2019/08/30)
The reduction of the carbonyl group in acylated trifluoroethyl alkanesulfonates follows the Felkin-Ahn selectivity, and the so-formed diastereomeric β-hydroxysulfonyl intermediates undergo syn- and anti-fragmentation, depending on the reaction conditions. In effect, isomeric E- and Z-alkenes are formed in a stereodivergent manner, which mimics the mechanistic manifold of the Peterson olefination.
Pd Nanoparticles and Aminopolymers Confined in Hollow Silica Spheres as Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalysts for Semihydrogenation of Alkynes
Kuwahara, Yasutaka,Kango, Hiroto,Yamashita, Hiromi
, p. 1993 - 2006 (2019/02/19)
A yolk-shell nanostructured composite composed of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) and aminopolymers, poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), confined in hollow silica spheres which act as an efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst for semihydrogenation of alkynes is reported herein. The yolk-shell nanostructured Pd-PEI-silica composite catalysts (Pd+PEI@HSS), consisting of Pd NPs core ca. 5-9 nm in diameter and a porous silica shell ca. 30-50 nm in shell thickness, are fabricated by a facile one-pot method using linear- or branched-type PEI (Mw = 1,800-2,500) as an organic template. On the basis of comprehensive structural analyses by FE-SEM, TEM, N2 physisorption, IR, TG, and Pd K-edge XAFS, we show that metal Pd NPs and PEI molecules are encapsulated in the hollow silica sphere with a size of ca. 100-160 nm. The Pd+PEI@HSS composite shows an activity at near room temperature in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of diphenylacetylene to selectively produce cis-stilbene with 95% yield, which outperforms those of the previously reported Pd/PEI and Lindlar catalysts. Interestingly, the catalyst encapsulating linear-type PEI provides a markedly high alkene selectivity in the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene to produce styrene owing to the strong poisoning effect of linear PEI, which is clearly revealed by an isotope study using H2/D2/acetylene (or ethylene) gases. The catalyst synthesized with optimum silica shell thickness can be easily recovered and recycled without any loss of palladium species and PEI and retaining high activities and selectivities over multiple cycles owing to the ability of the protective effect of silica shell, rendering this material an efficient and stable catalyst for semihydrogenation of alkynes.
Identification of in situ flower volatiles from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa) cultivars and their male pollenisers in a New Zealand orchard
Twidle, Andrew M.,Suckling, David M.,Seal, Alan G.,Fedrizzi, Bruno,Pilkington, Lisa I.,Barker, David
, p. 61 - 69 (2017/05/31)
In situ flower volatiles from six kiwifruit cultivars (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa); ‘Hayward’, ‘Chieftain’, ‘M56’, ‘Zes007’ (Green11), ‘M36’, and ‘M43’ were collected by dynamic headspace sampling. Forty-five compounds were detected in the headspace of the flowers, with straight chain hydrocarbons and terpenes accounting for >98% of the volatiles emitted quantitatively across the six cultivars. Of these hydrocarbons, (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heptadecatriene is reported for the first time from a floral source while (8Z)-hexadecene and (9Z)-nonadecene are reported for the first time from kiwifruit flowers. All three hydrocarbons were verified by synthesis. Quantitative comparison of the six honey bee perceived compounds from the headspace of the cultivars showed that the males ‘M36’ and ‘M43’ closely matched the female cultivar Green11 that they are used to pollinate. Males ‘M56’ and ‘Chieftain’ were not as closely matched to the female cultivar ‘Hayward’ that they are used to pollinate. The male ‘M56’ in particular differed significantly from the female ‘Hayward’ in four of the six honey bee perceived compounds.
1,2-dibromotetrachloroethane: An ozone-friendly reagent for the in situ Ramberga-Baecklund rearrangement and its use in the formal synthesis of E-resveratrol
Soiderman, Stefan C.,Schwan, Adrian L.
, p. 10978 - 10984 (2013/02/23)
Dibromotetrachloroethane (C2Br2Cl4) is demonstrated as a halogenating reagent for the one-pot conversion of sulfones to alkenes by way of the Ramberga-Baecklund rearrangement. Dibromotetrachloroethane successfully replaces known ozone depleting agents CCl4, CBr2F2 and C2Br 2F4. A formal synthesis of E-resveratrol is demonstrated using C2Br2Cl4.
Facile regio- and stereoselective hydrometalation of alkynes with a combination of carboxylic acids and group 10 transition metal complexes: Selective hydrogenation of alkynes with formic acid
Shen, Ruwei,Chen, Tieqiao,Zhao, Yalei,Qiu, Renhua,Zhou, Yongbo,Yin, Shuangfeng,Wang, Xiangbo,Goto, Midori,Han, Li-Biao
supporting information; experimental part, p. 17037 - 17044 (2011/12/04)
A facile, highly stereo- and regioselective hydrometalation of alkynes generating alkenylmetal complex is disclosed for the first time from a reaction of alkyne, carboxylic acid, and a zerovalent group 10 transition metal complex M(PEt3)4 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). A mechanistic study showed that the hydrometalation does not proceed via the reaction of alkyne with a hydridometal generated by the protonation of a carboxylic acid with Pt(PEt 3)4, but proceeds via a reaction of an alkyne coordinate metal complex with the acid. This finding clarifies the long proposed reaction mechanism that operates via the generation of an alkenylpalladium intermediate and subsequent transformation of this complex in a variety of reactions catalyzed by a combination of Bronsted acid and Pd(0) complex. This finding also leads to the disclosure of an unprecedented reduction of alkynes with formic acid that can selectively produce cis-, trans-alkenes and alkanes by slightly tuning the conditions.
InCl3-Zn. A novel reduction system for the deoxygenative coupling of carbonyl compounds to olefins
Barman,Thakur,Prajapati,Sandhu
, p. 515 - 516 (2007/10/03)
A simple and inexpensive procedure for the deoxygenative homo-coupling and cross-coupling of carbonyl compounds with InCl3-Zn system in dry acetonitrile at ambient pressure is achieved. The procedure gives excellent yields of E-olefinic products.
Dimerizations of 2-alkylbenzotriazoles and chemical evidence of radical intermediates from X-ray studies
Katritzky, Alan R.,Jesorka, Aldo,Wang, Jin,Yang, Baozhen,Wu, Jing,Steel, Peter J.
, p. 745 - 755 (2007/10/03)
Treatment of 2-alkylbenzotriazoles with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) at -78°C gave, depending on workup conditions, either dimers of the type Bt2CHR-CHRBt2 (2) (Bt2 = benzotriazol-2-yl), or mixtures of symmetrical Z and E olefins (3) (RCH=CHR), in high yields via radical intermediates. The racemic and meso isomers of 2, which differ substantially in properties such as melting points, 1H and 13C NMR, were isolated and characterized (three by X-ray crystallography). Both the meso and racemic dimers of 2 were reduced by Na to give mixtures of Z and E olefins in high yields with the elimination of the benzotriazole anion. 2-Alkylbenzotriazoles (1) were also converted by Na into the corresponding alkanes and benzotriazole. The intermediates were trapped by benzophenone to give, depending on the reaction procedure (see Scheme 2), adducts 6 or adducts 6 with dimers 2, benzotriazol-2-ylalkene 7 and compound 8 (R = H), compound 9 (R = CH3). Several compounds with dibenzotriazol-2-yl groups or benzotriazol-1-yl and benzotriazol-2-yl groups in the same molecule were synthesized and further investigated via lithiation followed by the addition of benzophenone or benzaldehyde. This further indicated that the radical reaction is faster than the nucleophilic reaction. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1996.
A New One-flask Ramberg-Baecklund Reaction
Chan, Tze-Lock,Fong, Sun,Li, Yu,Man, Tim-On,Poon, Chi-Duen
, p. 1771 - 1772 (2007/10/02)
A refined verson of the Meyers' modification of the Ramberg-Baecklund reaction employing the reagent alumina-supported KOH-CBr2F2-ButOH allows α- and α'-hydrogen-bearing sulfones of various structural types to be converted into alkenes.
Hindered organoboron groups in organic chemistry. 25. The condensation of aliphatic aldehydes with dimesitylboryl stabilised carbanions to give alkenes
Pelter,Smith,Elgendy
, p. 7119 - 7132 (2007/10/02)
In the presence of protic acids the condensation of aliphatic aldehydes with dimesitylboryl stabilised carbanions results in alkenes. In the presence of strong acids such as HCl or CF3SO3H, the products contain > 90% of E-alkenes in all cases tried. When acetic acid is used, the Z-alkenes may result predominantly, particularly in the cases of R(S)CHO and R(t)CHO.
