36309-88-3

Usage

Uses

Used in Optical Oxygen Sensors:
Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) dichloride is used as a luminescent oxygen probe for optimizing optical oxygen sensors. Its ability to detect and quantify oxygen levels makes it a valuable tool in the development and enhancement of these sensors.
Used in Tissue Oxygen Flux Measurement:
In the medical field, this complex is used as a diagnostic tool for measuring oxygen flux through tissues. Its luminescent properties allow for accurate and non-invasive assessment of oxygen levels in various tissues, which can be crucial for understanding tissue health and functionality.
Used in Skin Tumor Oxygen Measurement:
Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) dichloride is employed as an oxygen probe for measuring oxygen levels in skin tumors. This application aids in the study of tumor oxygenation and can provide valuable insights into tumor biology and treatment strategies.
Used in Oxygen Imaging:
This complex is also utilized in oxygen imaging, a technique that visualizes oxygen distribution in biological samples. Its luminescent properties make it an ideal candidate for this application, allowing researchers to gain a better understanding of oxygen dynamics in various biological systems.

InChI:InChI=1/3C24H16N2.2ClH.Ru/c3*1-3-7-17(8-4-1)19-13-15-25-23-21(19)11-12-22-20(14-16-26-24(22)23)18-9-5-2-6-10-18;;;/h3*1-16H;2*1H;/q;;;;;+2/p-2

Synthetic route

tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate + tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride (1112-67-0) → ruthenium(II)-tris-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride (36309-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In acetone	95%

[ruthenium(II)(η6-1-methyl-4-isopropyl-benzene)(chloride)(μ-chloride)]2 (52462-29-0) + bathophenanthroline (1662-01-7) → ruthenium(II)-tris-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride (36309-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide other Radiation; subjected to 300-W microwave irradn. at 250°C for 5 min; cooled, pptd. (CH2Cl2/Et2O), recrystd.;	89%

ruthenium(III) chloride trihydrate + bathophenanthroline (1662-01-7) → ruthenium(II)-tris-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride (36309-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In 1,2-dimethoxyethane for 72h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;	85%

rhodium(III) chloride hydrate + bathophenanthroline (1662-01-7) → ruthenium(II)-tris-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride (36309-88-3)

Conditions	Yield
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 120℃; for 36h; Inert atmosphere;	50%

ammonium hexafluorophosphate + ruthenium(II)-tris-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride (36309-88-3) → tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate

Conditions	Yield
methatesis reaction of tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) chloride with excess of NH4PF6; elem. anal.;	40%

ruthenium(II)-tris-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline dichloride (36309-88-3) → tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(III)

Conditions	Yield
With perchloric acid; oxygen for 0.333333h; Photolysis;

Upstream product

• 52462-29-0 [ruthenium(II)(η⁶-1-methyl-4-isopropyl-benzene)(chloride)(μ-chloride)]₂ 
• 1662-01-7 bathophenanthroline 
• 1112-67-0 tetrabutyl-ammonium chloride 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Disruption of microtubule function in cultured human cells by a cytotoxic ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complex

Treatment of malignant and non-malignant cultured human cell lines with a cytotoxic IC50 dose of ～2 μM tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(ii) chloride (RPC2) retards or arrests microtubule motion as tracked by visualizing fluorescently-tagged microtubule plus end-tracking proteins. Immunofluorescent microscopic images of the microtubules in fixed cells show substantial changes to cellular microtubule network and to overall cell morphology upon treatment with RPC2. Flow cytometry with MCF7 and H358 cells reveals only minor elevations of the number of cells in G2/M phase, suggesting that the observed cytotoxicity is not tied to mitotic arrest. In vitro studies with purified tubulin reveal that RPC2 acts to promote tubulin polymerization and when imaged by electron microscopy, these microtubules look normal in appearance. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements show an associative binding constant of 4.8 × 106 M-1 for RPC2 to preformed microtubules and support a 1?:?1 RPC2 to tubulin dimer stoichiometry. Competition experiments show RPC2 does not compete for the taxane binding site. Consistent with this tight binding, over 80% of the ruthenium in treated cells is co-localized with the cytoskeletal proteins. These data support RPC2 acting as an in vivo microtubule stabilizing agent and sharing many similarities with cells treated with paclitaxel.

A selective, long-lived deep-red emissive ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes for the detection of BSA

A selective, label free luminescence sensor for bovine serum albumin (BSA) is investigated using ruthenium(II) complexes over the other proteins. Interaction between BSA and ruthenium(II) complexes has been studied using absorption, emission, excited state lifetime and circular dichroism (CD) spectral techniques. The luminescence intensity of ruthenium(II) complexes (I and II), has enhanced at 602 and 613 nm with a large hypsochromic shift of 18 and 5 nm respectively upon addition of BSA. The mode of binding of ruthenium(II) complexes with BSA has analyzed using computational docking studies.

Efficient and stable solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cell using tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate

The complex tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II), prepared via a simple microwave-assisted synthesis, was used to prepare a single-layer light-emitting electrochemical cell. This device reaches a high power efficiency of 1.9 Lum/W at a brightness of 390 cd/m2. Moreover, its lifetime is an order of magnitude longer than that of a similar cell making use of tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) as the emitting complex. Copyright

Emerging Cubic Chirality in γCD-MOF for Fabricating Circularly Polarized Luminescent Crystalline Materials and the Size Effect

The chiral feature of γCD-MOF, and especially the emergent cubic void, was not unveiled so far. Now, through the host–guest interaction between γCD-MOF and achiral luminophores with different charges and sizes, the unique cubic chirality of the emerging void in γCD-MOF as well as a size effect on CPL induction are revealed for the first time. Numerous achiral luminophores could be integrated into γCD-MOF and emitted significantly boosted circularly polarized luminescence. While the small sized luminophores preferred to be loaded into the intrinsic void of γCD, large ones were selectively encapsulated into the cubic void. Interestingly, when the size of the guest luminophores was close to the cube size, it showed strong negative CPL. Otherwise, either positive or negative CPL was induced.