3773-93-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis of biodiesel without formation of free glycerol
Vol'eva,Belostotskaya,Komissarova,Koverzanova,Kurkovskaya,Usmanov,Gumerov
, p. 915 - 917 (2015/08/25)
A new approach to the synthesis of biodiesel has been developed on the basis of alcoholysis of a triglyceride in combination with acetalization of glycerol with lower carbonyl compounds or acetals derived therefrom. A model synthesis of biodiesel not involving free glycerol has been accomplished using rapeseed oil and acid catalysts, as well as without a catalyst under generation of ethanol supercritical fluid; in the latter case, monoalkyl glycerol ethers are formed in addition to the expected cyclic ketals.
Study on the one-pot oxidative esterification of glycerol with MOF supported polyoxometalates as catalyst
Zhu, Jie,Wang, Peng-Cheng,Lu, Ming
, p. 3383 - 3393 (2015/06/08)
In this work, glycerol was treated under green and mild conditions (water solvent, H2O2 oxidant, 40°C) in an attempt to utilise its additional value. With a metal organic framework (MOF) supported polyoxometallate (POM) as a catalyst, esters were generated as one of the major products which could be useful for various industrial applications. The selectivity of esters formation reached 34.5% in this one-pot oxidative esterification process. Benefiting from the pore limitation effect of the MOF, diffusion was restricted and the original products could be further transformed into esters with the existence of the POM. No other reagents were needed during this process, and all of the intermediates were produced from glycerol itself. The oxidative esterification reaction was studied in detail including the role of the MOF, the influence of pH and the POM type, the mechanism and so on. It was concluded that the POM served as the active site for this oxidative esterification process and H2O2 provided weak acidity in addition to the source of oxygen. Too stronger acidity and oxidizability were unfavourable to the generation of esters. Also, the catalysts could be recovered after reaction, exhibiting good stability and reusability.
Heterocyclic acetals from glycerol and acetaldehyde in port wines: Evolution with aging
Da Silva Ferreira, Antonio Cesar,Barbe, Jean-Christophe,Bertrand, Alain
, p. 2560 - 2564 (2007/10/03)
In Port wine, isomers of glycerol and acetaldehyde acetals have been found at total contents ranging from 9.4 to 175.3 mg/L. During oxidative aging, the concentrations of the 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-ioxane and 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane isomers increased with time showing a linear correlation (r > 0.95). The flavor threshold for the mixture of the four isomers was evaluated in wine at 100 mg/L. Thus, it is expected that they contribute to old Port wine aroma in wines older than 30 years. Experiments with model solutions and wine clearly demonstrated that SO2 combines with acetaldehyde and blocks the acetalization reaction.
NMR Spectra, MO Calculations of Spin-Spin Coupling Constants and Conformational Analysis of Substituted 1,3-Dioxolanes
Benassi, Rois,Schenetti, Luisa,Taddei, Ferdinando,Villa, Luigi,Ferri, Vincenzo
, p. 17 - 25 (2007/10/02)
The NMR spectra of a number of 2,4-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolanes have been recorded and the proton chemical shifts and coupling constants derived from complete spectral analysis.Vicinal coupling constants were found to be dependent on the substituent at C-4 and this effect is more pronounced for J(trans) of the C-4 - C-5 fragment.These coupling constants also indicate a homogeneous behaviour within a series with either a cis or trans configuration, although the cis behaviour differs from that of trans isomers.This has been interpreted in terms of definite ring conformations in substituted derivatives, while the unsubstituted 1,3-dioxolane undergoes free pesudorotation.Calculations of coupling constants were performed by semi-empirical MO methods, both for unsubstituted 1,3-dioxolane and for C-4 substituted derivatives in a large number of conformations, in order to compare calculated and experimental values; the correct order of J(cis) and J(trans) for 1,3-dioxolane is obtained only by employing energies from ab-inito MO calculations averaged over the pseudorotation circuit.For the C-4 substituted compounds calculated coupling constants were employed in a 'trial and error' process for the identification of the preferred conformations of these compounds; a set of two torsional angles for each compound was derived which allows a tentative description of the geometry of each molecule.A criticism of these geometries is given according to the evidence available on the structure of substituted 1,3-dioxolanes.
