37826-48-5Relevant articles and documents
Chemical Bypass of General Base Catalysis in Hedgehog Protein Cholesterolysis Using a Hyper-Nucleophilic Substrate
Ciulla, Daniel A.,Jorgensen, Michael T.,Giner, José-Luis,Callahan, Brian P.
, p. 916 - 918 (2018)
Proteins in the hedgehog family undergo self-catalyzed endoproteolysis involving nucleophilic attack by a molecule of cholesterol. Recently, a conserved aspartate residue (D303, or D46) of hedgehog was identified as the general base that activates cholesterol during this unusual autoprocessing event; mutation of the catalyzing functional group (D303A) reduces activity by >104-fold. Here we report near total rescue of this ostensibly dead general base mutant by a synthetic substrate, 3β-hydroperoxycholestane (3HPC) in which the sterol-OH group is replaced by the hyper nucleophilic-OOH group. Other hedgehog point mutants at D303, also unreactive with cholesterol, accepted 3HPC as a substrate with the rank order: WT > D303A ~D303N D303R, D303E. We attribute the revived activity with 3-HPC to the α-effect, where tandem electronegative atoms exhibit exceptionally high nucleophilicity despite relatively low basicity.