39669-97-1Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis and surface active properties of novel carbohydrate-based cationic surfactants
Nowicki, Janusz,Sokolowski, Adam,Reksa, Dagmara
, p. 179 - 184 (2011)
The synthesis of new cationic carbohydrate surfactants is presented in this paper. The obtained surfactants have structures that are typical for saponins, which contain fatty amide hydrophobic chains and hydrophilic heads with cationic carbohydrate units. Their surface active properties and biodegradability have been studied. For two types, the biodegradability was above 85% and comparable to standard carbohydrate surfactants. AOCS 2010.
In-Situ Formation of Viscoelastic Wormlike Micelles in Mixtures of Non-Surface-Active Compounds
Zhang, Yongmin,Zhou, Dapeng,Feng, Yujun
, p. 189 - 198 (2015)
Viscoelastic fluids based on surfactant self-assembled wormlike micelles have been in focus over the past decade. In this work, we report wormlike micellar solutions formed in situ by simply mixing two non-surface-active compounds, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)palmitamide (C16AMPM) and salicylic acid (HSal), without specialized organic synthesis of a surfactant. In the absence of HSal, C16AMPM is poorly soluble in pure water; after introducing HSal, C16AMPM is protonated into quaternary ammonium, behaving like a cationic surfactant with a low critical micellar concentration (0.25 mM) and a small area per molecule, which favors the formation of long cylindrical wormlike micelles. Above the overlapping concentration (～28 mM), the wormlike micelles formed entangle each other into viscoelastic networks, enhancing the viscosity by several orders of magnitude. In contrast to the worms formed by a single ultra-long-chain surfactant, the current system shows the advantages of a smaller flow activation energy and end-cap energy, simpler formulation and lower cost, which make it more suitable for practical use.
A high yield method for the direct amidation of long-chain fatty acids
Wang, Man-Yu,Gang, Hong-Ze,Zhou, Lei,Liu, Jin-Feng,Mu, Bo-Zhong,Yang, Shi-Zhong
, p. 99 - 108 (2019/12/12)
The amidation of long-chain fatty acids is the key step for preparing surfactants with excellent interfacial activity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed to detect the reactants and products in the direct amidation reactions. The conversion and the concentration of the amides in the reaction process were also investigated to determine the best catalyst, the reaction rate constants, and activation energy. It was identified that the amidation reaction of the long-chain phenyl fatty acid was a zero-order reaction and 3,4,5-trifluorophenylboronic acid was the most effective catalyst by which the activation energy reduced to 55.79 kJ/mol from 95.44 kJ/mol. The method can be applied to other long-chain fatty acids, saturated or unsatureated. The turning-over-temperature was 156°C, over which high yields can be achieved without any catalyst. These provide a reference for the preparation of long-chain fatty acid amides.
A lycine amphoteric surface active agent and its preparation method
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Paragraph 0051; 0052; 0053; 0065; 0069; 0073; 0077, (2018/10/02)
The invention discloses a glycine betaine-type ampholytic surfactant and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the glycine betaine-type ampholytic surfactant comprises the following steps of (1) amidation reaction: carrying out amidation reaction on natural fatty acid and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine under the action of a catalyst, and timely removing water generated through reaction by using a 4A molecular sieve to obtain alkylamid-propyl dimethyl tertiary amine; and (2) quaterisation reaction: carrying out quaterisation reaction on alkylamid-propyl dimethyl tertiary amine and sodium chloroacetate in a solvent to obtain the glycine betaine-type ampholytic surfactant. The ampholytic surfactant group contains an amido bond, the performance of the molecule is changed, the glycine betaine-type ampholytic surfactant has better foam stability and mild performance, and the emulsifiability is obviously superior to that of the glycine betaine-type ampholytic surfactant. The preparation method is simple in process and low in production cost; the raw materials are green and natural; the water generated in the amidation reaction process is absorbed through the 4A molecular sieve; and the yield is improved.
