412298-86-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis of new carboxy lactones and some their transformations
Kochikyan,Arutyunyan,Arutyunyan,Avetisyan
, p. 390 - 393 (2002)
Alkylation of 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-pentanolides with ethyl chloroacetate gave 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-4-pentanolides. Alkaline hydrolysis of the latter afforded 2-carboxymethyl-4-pentanolides which were converted into the corresponding acyl chlorides in high yield by treatment with thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide. Reaction of 2-chloroformylmethyl-4-pentanolides with thiosemicarbazide, followed by treatment with alkali, resulted in formation of 2-(5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethyl)-4-pentanolides.
Continuous-Flow Preparation of γ-Butyrolactone Scaffolds from Renewable Fumaric and Itaconic Acids under Photosensitized Conditions
Gérardy, Romaric,Winter, Marc,Horn, Clemens R.,Vizza, Alessandra,Van Hecke, Kristof,Monbaliu, Jean-Christophe M.
supporting information, p. 2012 - 2017 (2017/12/26)
The method and results described herein concern the photosensitized addition of various alcohols to renewable platform fumaric and itaconic acids under scalable continuous-flow conditions in glass micro- and mesofluidic reactors. Alcohols were used both as reagents and as solvents, thus contributing to a reduced environmental footprint. Process parameters such as the temperature, light intensity, and the nature as well as amount of the photosensitizer were assessed under microfluidic conditions and, next, transposed to a lab-scale mesofluidic reactor connected with an in-line NMR spectrometer for real-time reaction monitoring. Substituted γ-butyrolactones, including spiro derivatives with unique structural features, were obtained with quantitative conversion of the starting materials and in 47-76% isolated yields. The model photoaddition of isopropanol to fumaric acid was next successfully transposed in a pilot-scale continuous-flow photoreactor to further demonstrate scalability.
