4129-17-3Relevant articles and documents
Hydrazines and azides via the metal-catalyzed hydrohydrazination and hydroazidation of olefins
Waser, Jerome,Gaspar, Boris,Nambu, Hisanori,Carreira, Erick M.
, p. 11693 - 11712 (2007/10/03)
The discovery, study, and implementation of the Co- and Mn-catalyzed hydrohydrazination and hydroazidation reactions of olefins are reported. These reactions are equivalent to direct hydroaminations of C-C double bonds with protected hydrazines or hydrazoic acid but are based on a different concept in which the H and the N atoms come from two different reagents, a silane and an oxidizing nitrogen source (azodicarboxylate or sulfonyl azide). The hydrohydrazination reaction using di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate is characterized by its ease of use, large functional group tolerance, and broad scope, including mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted olefins. Key to the development of the hydroazidation reaction was the use of sulfonyl azides as nitrogen sources and the activating effect of tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The reaction was found to be efficient for the functionalization of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted olefins, and only a few functional groups are not tolerated. The alkyl azides obtained are versatile intermediates and can be transformed to the free amines or triazoles without isolation of the azides. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest a rate-limiting hydrocobaltation of the alkene, followed by an amination reaction. Radical intermediates cannot be ruled out and may be involved.
Delivery of a substance to a pre-determinated site
-
, (2008/06/13)
The invention is concerned with delivery vehicles for delivering a substance of interest to a predetermined site, said vehicle comprising said substance and a means for inducing availability of at least one compartment of said vehicle toward the exterior, thereby allowing access of said substance to the exterior of said vehicle at said predetermined site. The invention is further concerned with uses of said vehicle and methods for preparing it.
Microspheres of diamide-dicarboxylic acids
-
, (2008/06/13)
Diamide-dicarboxylic acid microspheres are provided. The diamide-dicarboxylic acids may be combined with active agent(s). The resultant composition may be in microsphere form. Also disclosed are methods for administering the microsphere and/or composition that includes the active agent. The microsphere, with or without active agent, may be prepared by (A) solubilizing, in a solvent, at least one diamide-dicarboxylic acid, to yield a first solution; and (B) contacting the first solution with a precipitator solution in which the diamide-carboxylic acid is insoluble and optionally with an active agent.