41453-55-8Relevant articles and documents
MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING 4C-5C COMPOUNDS WITH UNSATURATION AND METHODS RELATED THERETO
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Paragraph 0014; 0099, (2016/01/25)
The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a butadiene, crotyl alcohol, 2,4-pentadienoate, 3-buten-2-ol, or 3-buten-1-ol, pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in a pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing butadiene, crotyl alcohol, 2,4-pentadienoate, 3-buten-2-ol, or 3-buten-1-ol,. The method can include culturing a butadiene, crotyl alcohol, 2,4-pentadienoate, 3-buten-2-ol, or 3-buten-1-ol-producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount, and under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce butadiene, crotyl alcohol, 2,4-pentadienoate, 3-buten-2-ol, or 3-buten-1-ol.
Mechanism of the dehydrogenase reaction of DmpFG and analysis ofinter-subunit channeling efficiency and thermodynamic parametersin the overall reaction
Smith, Natalie E.,Tie, Wan Jun,Flematti, Gavin R.,Stubbs, Keith A.,Corry, Ben,Attwood, Paul V.,Vrielink, Alice
, p. 1878 - 1885 (2013/10/21)
The bifunctional, microbial enzyme DmpFG is comprised of two subunits: the aldolase, DmpG, and the dehydrogenase, DmpF. DmpFG is of interest due to its ability to channel substrates between the two spatially distinct active sites. While the aldolase is well studied, significantly less is known about the dehydrogenase. Steady-state kinetic measurements of the reverse reaction of DmpF confirmed that the dehydrogenase uses a ping-pong mechanism, with substrate inhibition by acetyl CoA indicating that NAD+/NADH and CoA/acetyl CoA bind to the same site in DmpF. The Kmof DmpF for exogenous acetalde-hyde as a substrate was 23.7 mM, demonstrating the necessity for the channel to deliver acetaldehyde directly from the aldolase to the dehydrogenase active site. A channeling assay on the bifunctional enzyme gave an efficiency of 93% indicating that less than 10% of the toxic acetaldehyde leaks out of the chan-nel into the bulk media, prior to reaching the dehydrogenase active site. The thermodynamic activation parameters of the reactions catalyzed by the aldolase, the dehydrogenase and the DmpFG complex were determined. The Gibb's free energy of activation for the dehydrogenase reaction was lower than that obtained for the full DmpFG reaction, in agreement with the high kcatobtained for the dehydrogenase reaction in isolation. Furthermore, although both the DmpF and DmpG reactions occur with small, favor-able entropies of activation, the full DmpFG reaction occurs with a negative entropy of activation. This supports the concept of allosteric structural communication between the two enzymes to coordinate their activities.
Probing the molecular basis of substrate specificity, stereospecificity, and catalysis in the class II pyruvate aldolase, BphI
Baker, Perrin,Carere, Jason,Seah, Stephen Y.K.
experimental part, p. 3559 - 3569 (2012/05/04)
BphI, a pyruvate-specific class II aldolase found in the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) degradation pathway, catalyzes the reversible C-C bond cleavage of (4S)-hydroxy-2-oxoacids to form pyruvate and an aldehyde. Mutations were introduced into bphI to probe the contribution of active site residues to substrate recognition and catalysis. In contrast to the wild-type enzyme that has similar specificities for acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde, the L87A variant exhibited a 40-fold preference for propionaldehyde over acetaldehyde. The specificity constant of the L89A variant in the aldol addition reaction using pentaldehyde is increased ～50-fold, making it more catalytically efficient for pentaldehyde utilization compared to the wild-type utilization of the natural substrate, acetaldehyde. Replacement of Tyr-290 with phenylalanine or serine resulted in a loss of stereochemical control as the variants were able to utilize substrates with both R and S configurations at C4 with similar kinetic parameters. Aldol cleavage and pyruvate α-proton exchange activity were undetectable in the R16A variant, supporting the role of Arg-16 in stabilizing a pyruvate enolate intermediate. The pH dependence of the enzyme is consistent with a single deprotonation by a catalytic base with pKa values of approximately 7. In H20A and H20S variants, pH profiles show the dependence of enzyme activity on hydroxide concentration. On the basis of these results, a catalytic mechanism is proposed.
Metabolism of 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid by Bordetella sp. strain 10d: A different modified meta-cleavage pathway for 2-aminophenols
Orii, Chika,Takenaka, Shinji,Murakami, Shuichiro,Aoki, Kenji
, p. 2653 - 2661 (2007/10/03)
Bordetella sp. strain 10d metabolizes 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid via 2-hydroxymuconic 6-semialdehyde. Cell extracts from 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate- grown cells showed high NAD+-dependent 2-hydroxymuconic 6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase, 4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase, and 2-oxopent-4-enoate hydratase activities, but no 2-hydroxymuconic 6-semialdehyde hydrolase activity. These enzymes involved in 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate metabolism were purified and characterized. When 2-hydroxymuconic 6-semialdehyde was used as substrate in a reaction mixture containing NAD+ and cell extracts from 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate-grown cells, 4-oxalocrotonic acid, 2-oxopent-4-enoic acid, and 4-hydroxy-2-oxovaleric acid were identified as intermediates, and pyruvic acid was identified as the final product. A complete pathway for the metabolism of 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid in strain 10d is proposed. Strain 10d metabolized 2-hydroxymuconic 6-semialdehyde derived from 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid via a dehydrogenative route, not via a hydrolytic route. This proposed metabolic pathway differs considerably from the modified meta-cleavage pathway of 2-aminophenol and those previously reported for methyl- and chloroderivatives.
