4371-27-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Mechanistic Insights into Selective Oxidation of Polyaromatic Compounds using RICO Chemistry
Nowicka, Ewa,Hickey, Niamh W.,Sankar, Meenakshisundaram,Jenkins, Robert L.,Knight, David W.,Willock, David J.,Hutchings, Graham J.,Francisco, Manuel,Taylor, Stuart H.
supporting information, p. 12359 - 12369 (2018/08/29)
Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO) of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been studied in detail using experimental and computational approaches to explore the reaction mechanism. DFT calculations show that regioselectivity in these reactions can be understood in terms of the preservation of aromaticity in the initial formation of a [3+2] metallocycle intermediate at the most-isolated double bond. We identify two competing pathways: C?C bond cleavage leading to a dialdehyde and C-H activation followed by H migration to the RuOx complex to give diketones. Experimentally, the oxidation of pyrene and phenanthrene has been carried out in monophasic and biphasic solvent systems. Our results show that diketones are the major product for both phenanthrene and pyrene substrates. These diketone products are shown to be stable under our reaction conditions so that higher oxidation products (acids and their derivatives) are assigned to the competing pathway through the dialdehyde. Experiments using 18O-labelled water do show incorporation of oxygen from the solvents into products, but this may take place during the formation of the reactive RuO4 species rather than directly during PAH oxidation. When the oxidation of pyrene is carried out using D2O, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is observed implying that water is involved in the rate-determining step leading to the diketone products.
Oxidation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Ruthenium-Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation: The Role of Aromatic Ring Number in Reaction Kinetics and Product Distribution
Nowicka, Ewa,Clarke, Tomos J.,Sankar, Meenakshisundaram,Jenkins, Robert L.,Knight, David W.,Golunski, Stanislaw,Hutchings, Graham J.,Willock, David J.,Francisco, Manuel,Taylor, Stuart H.
, p. 655 - 662 (2018/01/26)
Oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons with differing numbers of fused aromatic rings (2–5), have been studied in two solvent environments (monophasic and biphasic) using ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO). RICO reduces the aromaticity of the polyaromatic core of the molecule in a controlled manner by selective oxidative ring opening. Moreover, the nature of the solvent system determines the product type and distribution, for molecules with more than two aromatic rings. Competitive oxidation between substrates with different numbers of aromatic rings has been studied in detail. It was found that the rate of polyaromatic hydrocarbon oxidation increases with the number of fused aromatic rings. A similar trend was also identified for alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons. The proof-of-concept investigation provides new insight into selective oxidation chemistry for upgrading of polyaromatic molecules.
