4647-20-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Practical and scalable synthesis of beclomethasone dipropionate
Welideniya, Dhanushi T.,Jayathilaka, Adeesha S.,Acharige, Anjana Delpe,Samanthi,Wanninayake, Umayangani K.,Perera, Shashika S.,Rajapaksha, Weranga,Fernando, Chamod C.,Hewadikaram, Madhavi,Buddhika, Janani,Gunasekara, Pivini,Karunaratne, Veranja,Amaratunga,Gunasekera, Dinara S.
, (2021/12/22)
Beclomethasone dipropionate (1) is a synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and anti-allergy properties. It is widely used to treat asthma, allergic rhinitis, and dermatoses. However, existing synthetic routes to this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) contain steps resulting in low and/or inconsistent yields, and use obsolete reagents. Such inconsistencies coupled with a lack of reliable experimental data makes laboratory-scale and large-scale synthesis of this API difficult and time-consuming. In this paper, we report a practical and scalable approach to synthesize 1 from the readily available steroidal intermediate, 16β-methyl epoxide (3, DB-11). A gram-scale to kilogram-scale synthesis of 1 was achieved with 82% yield, using a cost-effective and scalable methodology. Selective propionylation of the hydroxyl groups at C17 and C21 demonstrate the fact that this approach can be conveniently implemented in fine chemical industries.
Efficient Interfacially Driven Vehiculization of Corticosteroids by Pulmonary Surfactant
Hidalgo, Alberto,Salomone, Fabrizio,Fresno, Nieves,Orellana, Guillermo,Cruz, Antonio,Perez-Gil, Jesus
, p. 7929 - 7939 (2017/08/22)
Pulmonary surfactant is a crucial system to stabilize the respiratory air-liquid interface. Furthermore, pulmonary surfactant has been proposed as an effective method for targeting drugs to the lungs. However, few studies have examined in detail the mechanisms of incorporation of drugs into surfactant, the impact of the presence of drugs on pulmonary surfactant performance at the interface under physiologically meaningful conditions, or the ability of pulmonary surfactant to use the air-liquid interface to vehiculise drugs to long distances. This study focuses on the ability of pulmonary surfactant to interfacially vehiculize corticosteroids such as beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) or Budesonide (BUD) as model drugs. The main objectives have been to (a) characterize the incorporation of corticosteroids into natural and synthetic surfactants, (b) evaluate whether the presence of corticosteroids affects surfactant functionality, and (c) determine whether surfactant preparations enable the efficient spreading and distribution of BDP and BUD along the air-liquid interface. We have compared the performance of a purified surfactant from porcine lungs and two clinical surfactants: Poractant alfa, a natural surfactant of animal origin extensively used to treat premature babies, and CHF5633, a new synthetic surfactant preparation currently under clinical trials. Both, natural and clinical surfactants spontaneously incorporated corticosteroids up to at least 10% by mass with respect to phospholipid content. The presence of the drugs did not interfere with their ability to efficiently adsorb into air-liquid interfaces and form surface active films able to reach and sustain very low surface tensions (2 mN/m) under compression-expansion cycling mimicking breathing dynamics. Furthermore, the combination of clinical surfactant with corticosteroids efficiently promoted the active diffusion of the drug to long distances along the air-liquid interface. This effect could not be mimicked by vehiculisation of corticosteroids in liposomes or in micellar emulsions similar to the formulations currently in use to deliver anti-inflammatory corticosteroids through inhalation.
Method for reducing or preventing transplant rejection in the eye and intraocular implants for use therefor
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, (2008/06/13)
Methods for reducing or preventing transplant rejection in the eye of an individual are described, comprising: a) performing an ocular transplant procedure; and b) implanting in the eye a bioerodible drug delivery system comprising an immunosuppressive agent and a bioerodible polymer.
Pharmaceutical composition using a mixture of propellant gases for a metered dose inhaler
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, (2008/06/13)
New advantageous propellent gas mixtures contain two or more components, at least one of which is a partially fluorinated lower alkane, and may be used in pharmaceutical preparations.
Suspension aerosol formulations of pharmaceutical products
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, (2008/06/13)
Pharmaceutical preparations for producing powder aerosols using propellant gases which use TG 227, and possibly also TG 11, TG 12, TGH 114, propane, butane, pentane or DME.
Process and intermediates for the preparation of 17 alphahydroxyprogesterones and corticoids from an enol steroid
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, (2008/06/13)
This invention discloses an improved process for the production of corticoids from 17α-hydroxy steroids utilizing peroxymonosulfate.
