4850-93-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Factors influencing rates of degradation of an arylamide and a benzoic acid in subsoils
Nicholls, Peter,Campbell, Andrew T.,Williams, Roger H.
, p. 607 - 614 (2000)
The kinetics of fundamental reactions (hydrolytic, oxidative and reductive) involved in the degradation of organic compounds such as pesticides in subsoils were investigated using the model compounds N-(4- nitrophenyl)propanamide and 4-nitrobenzoic acid. The rates of hydrolysis of N-(4-nitrophenyl)propanamide were also measured in aqueous buffers, hydrolysis being extremely slow at neutral pH; its degradation in three soils was by microbially mediated hydrolysis, being very much faster than aqueous hydrolysis at the same pH. Rates of degradation of N-(4- nitrophenyl)propanamide in subsoils were initially up to thirty times slower than those in topsoil, and in some subsoils degradation showed a marked lag- phase of between 72-144 h. For 4-nitrobenzoic acid, a similar lag-phase of slow degradation, followed by a phase of rapid degradation, was observed in both topsoils and subsoils. Remarkably, the rapid phases of degradation in subsoils often approached rates occurring in the corresponding topsoil. No reduction of the nitro group on either compound was observed, even in a water-saturated subsoil. Sometimes there were differences in the length of the lag-phases measured for replicate samples of subsoils; also, application of lower concentrations of 4-nitrobenzoic acid generally gave rise to shorter lag-phases. Partial sterilization of soils by azide greatly slowed breakdown of both compounds, confirming the important role of microbial degradation. Such behaviour is consistent with the variable build-up of populations of micro-organisms able to degrade the compound, smaller populations being able to deal rapidly with the lower concentrations. After applying a second dose of 4-nitrobenzoic acid to soil, degradation was rapid but initially not as fast as the final rates during breakdown of the first treatment. Hence, soil may only partially retain the ability to degrade previously applied xenobiotics. Nonetheless it is noteworthy that, even in deep subsoils, indigenous microbial populations can rapidly adapt to degrade certain small organic molecules. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis of ring-opened derivatives of triazole-containing quinolinones and their antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities
Song, Ming-Xia,Huang, Yu-Shan,Zhou, Qiu-Gui,Deng, Xian-Qing,Yao, Xiao-Dong
, (2020/12/07)
Based on the potent antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities of the triazole-containing quinolinones reported in our previous work, a series of ring-opened derivatives of them were designed, synthesized in this work. Their antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities were screened using the forced swimming test (FST) and the maximal electroshock seizure test (MES), respectively. The results showed that compounds 4a, 5a, 6c-6e, 6g-6i, and 7 led to significant reductions in the accumulated immobility time in the FST at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Especially compound 7 exhibited higher levels of efficacy than the reference standard fluoxetine in the FST and the tail suspension test. The results of an open field test excluded the possibility of central nervous stimulation of 7, which further confirmed its antidepressant effect. Meanwhile, compounds 6a-6i and 7 showed different degrees of anticonvulsant activity in mice at the doses range from 300 to 30 mg/kg in the MES. Among them, compounds 6e and 7 displayed the ED50 of 38.5 and 32.7 mg/kg in the MES, and TD50 of 254.6 and 245.5 mg/kg, respectively. No one showed neurotoxicity at the dose of 100 mg/kg. The preliminary investigation forward to their mechanism indicated that regulation of GABAergic system might contribute to their anticonvulsive and anti-depressive action.
Carboxyl activation of 2-mercapto-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine through n-acyl-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thione: A chemical and spectrophotometric investigation
Rajan
, p. 287 - 291 (2015/01/30)
2-Mercapto-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, as effective carboxyl activating group, has been successfully proved by converting it into respective acyl derivatives and the subsequent conversion to the amides and esters respectively using amines, amino alcohols and alcohols. The aminolysis and esterification were monitored chemically and spectrophotometrically. This paved way to establish that the above mercaptopyrimidine derivative is an efficient carboxyl activating group applicable in solid phase peptide synthesis.
Semi-catalytic reduction of secondary amides to imines and aldehydes
Lee, Sun-Hwa,Nikonov, Georgii I.
supporting information, p. 8888 - 8893 (2014/06/09)
Secondary amides can be reduced by silane HSiMe2Ph into imines and aldehydes by a two-stage process involving prior conversion of amides into iminoyl chlorides followed by catalytic reduction mediated by the ruthenium complex [Cp(i-Pr3P)Ru(NCCH3)2]PF6 (1). Alkyl and aryl amides bearing halogen, ketone, and ester groups were converted with moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions to the corresponding imines and aldehydes. This procedure does not work for substrates bearing the nitro-group and fails for heteroaromatic amides. In the case of cyano substituted amides, the cyano group is reduced to imine.
METHOD FOR THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF ACID CHLORIDES AND IMIDOYL CHLORIDES
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Paragraph 0155, (2014/08/19)
The present application relates to methods for the catalytic reduction of acid chlorides and/or imidoyl chlorides. The methods comprise reacting the acid chloride or imidoyl chloride with a silane reducing agent in the presence of a catalyst such as [Cp(Pri3P)Ru(NCMe)2]+[PF6]?.
Discovery of selective irreversible inhibitors for EGFR-T790M
Zhou, Wenjun,Ercan, Dalia,Jaenne, Pasi A.,Gray, Nathanael S.
scheme or table, p. 638 - 643 (2011/03/18)
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (EGFR) with ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors results in dramatic but short-lived responses in patients with EGFR mutant non small cell lung cancer. A series of novel covalent EGFR kinase inhibitors with selectivity for the clinically relevant T790M 'gatekeeper' resistance mutation relative to wild-type EGFR were discovered by library screening. A representative compound 3i was obtained through a systematic SAR study guided by mutant EGFR-dependent cellular proliferation assays.
EGFR INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF TREATING DISORDERS
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Page/Page column 112-113, (2010/11/18)
The present invention relates to novel pyrimidine, pyrrolo-pyrimidine, pyrrolo-pyridine, pyridine, purine and triazine compounds which are able to modulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including Her-kinases, and the use of such compounds in the treatment of various diseases, disorders or conditions.
Design, synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of new analogues of DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram) as cognition modulators
Martini, Elisabetta,Norcini, Monica,Ghelardini, Carla,Manetti, Dina,Dei, Silvia,Guandalini, Luca,Melchiorre, Michele,Pagella, Simona,Scapecchi, Serena,Teodori, Elisabetta,Romanelli, Maria Novella
experimental part, p. 10034 - 10042 (2009/04/06)
A series of amides, structurally related to DM232 (unifiram) and DM235 (sunifiram), characterized by a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-a]isoindol-6(2H)-one, 1,4-diamino-cyclohexane or 1,4-diaminobenzene ring, have been synthesized and tested for cognition-enhancing activity in the mouse passive-avoidance test. Some of the compounds display good antiamnesic and procognitive activity, with higher potency than piracetam, while some cyclohexane derivatives are endowed with amnesia inducing properties.
Ozone-mediated Reaction of Anilides and Phenyl Esters with Nitrogen Dioxide: Enhanced Ortho-reactivity and Mechanistic Implications
Suzuki, Hitomi,Tatsumi, Atsuo,Ishibashi, Taro,Mori, Tadashi
, p. 339 - 344 (2007/10/02)
In the presence of ozone, anilides 1 can be nitrated rapidly with nitrogen dioxide in chloroform at 0 deg C to give a high proportion of ortho-nitro derivatives (ortho:para = 1.2-4.4) in good yields.The phenyl esters 15 can be similarly nitrated on the aromatic ring without significant cleavage of the ester bond, giving a mixture of isomeric nitro derivatives in which the ortho-isomer predominantes (ortho:para = 1.1-1.5).The oridin of the enhanced ortho reactivity is discussed in terms of an electron-transfer process involving the nitrogen trioxide as initial electrophile.
