5041-97-4

Upstream product

• 129369-23-9 cassinopin 
• 89946-00-9 lepidoside 
• 2392-95-2 kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 
• 482-38-2 kaempferitrin 
• 57526-56-4 kaempherol 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 

Downstream Products

• 7658-08-4 D-quionovose 
• 73-34-7 L-rhamnose 
• 520-18-3 kaempferol 
• 3615-41-6 L-Rhamnose 
• 85561-89-3 kaempherol 7-O-α-L-rhamnoside peracetate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

EXTENDED FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHETIC CAPABILITY IN THE AQUATIC FERN GENUS PILULARIA

The marsileaceous fern, Pilularia globulifera is shown to accumulate the following quercetin glycosides: 3-glucoside, 3-rhamnoside, 3-xyloside, 3-arabinopyranoside, 3-arabinofuranoside and 3,7-di-rhamnoside.Kaempferol 3-glucoside is also present and kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside is the major component. 7-O-Glycosylation has not been observed previously in the marsileaceae.Amendments are proposed to structure assignments in previous work on P. americana.Key Word index - Pilularia globulifera; P. americana; Marsileaceae; fern; flavonol glycosides; 7-O-glycosylation.

The Gastrointestinal Tract Metabolism and Pharmacological Activities of Grosvenorine, a Major and Characteristic Flavonoid in the Fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii

Grosvenorine is the major flavonoid compound of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey, a medical plant endemic to China. In the present study, for the first time, the grosvenorine metabolism in an in vitro simulated human gastrointestinal tract (including artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice and intestinal flora), as well as its pharmacological activities (including anti-complement, antibacterial and antioxidant activities), was investigated. The results showed that grosvenorine was metabolized by human intestinal flora; its four metabolites were isolated by semi-preparative HPLC and identified by NMR as kaempferitrin, afzelin, α-rhamnoisorobin, and kaempferol. Further pharmacological evaluation showed that grosvenorine exhibited good antibacterial and antioxidant activities, with its metabolites possessing more potent activities. Although grosvenorine did not present obvious anticomplement activity, its metabolites showed interesting activities. This study revealed that intestinal bacteria play an important role in the gastrointestinal metabolism of grosvenorine and significantly affect its pharmacological activities.

Kaempferol and its glycosides from Equisetum silvaticum L. from the khanty-mansi autonomous area

Three flavonoids were isolated from the aerial part of the wood horsetail (Equisetum silvaticum L.); two of them were found for the first time. The compounds were identified as kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinosyl-7-O-L-rhamnopyranoside on the basis of the chemical transformations and IR, UV, 1H-NMR and mass spectra.

Changes in flavonoid content and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in kenaf leaf extract after far-infrared treatment

The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ethanolic extract of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) leaf was evaluated before and after subjecting it to far-infrared (FIR) irradiation. The main component of the extract was analyzed as kaempferitrin (kaempferol-3,7-O-α-dirhamnoside). Prior to FIR irradiation, no inhibitory activity of the extract was detected in a tyrosinase assay. However, after FIR irradiation for 1 h at 60 °C, significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3500 ppm) was observed in it. In HPLC analysis, derhamnosylation products (kaempferol, afzelin, and α-rhamnoisorobin) were detected. The inhibitory activity may be due to the existence of derhamnosylation products. This study demonstrated that FIR irradiation can be used as a convenient tool for deglycosylation of flavonoid glycoside.

Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from the forage legume sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)

Phenolic compounds of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) variety Cotswold Common are assumed to contribute to its nutritive value and bioactive properties. A purified acetone/water extract was separated by Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography. Sixty-three phen

Purification and characterization of a flavonol 3-O-β heterodisaccharidase from the dried herb of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

A flavonol-3-O-β-heterodisaccharide glycosidase (FHG I) was isolated from dried aerial tissues of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Fagopyri herba). It has a specific enzyme activity of ca. 3.5 nkat mg-1 protein in buffered extracts when rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) was used as substrate and an optimal enzyme activity was seen at around pH 4.8 and 30 °C. FHG I was purified about 156-fold to apparent homogeneity by hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange and size exclusion chromatographic steps. The apparent molecular mass of FHG I was 74.5 ± 2 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and it is a monomeric glycoprotein with a carbohydrate content of 23%. The isoelectric point as determined by isoelectric focusing was 5.7 and the energy of activation was 32 kJ mol-1. FHG I exhibits a high substrate specificity, preferring flavonol 3-O-glycosides comprising the disaccharide rutinose. The Km and Vmax values for the natural substrate rutin were calculated to be 0.561 μM and 745 nkat mg -1 protein, respectively. Two oligopeptide fragments obtained after enzymatic digestion of FHG I were sequenced and showed similarities to sequences of β-glucohydrolases from other plant species. Polyclonal antibodies were raised and their specificities determined. Another flavonol 3-O-β -heterodisaccharide glycosidase (FHG II) could also be detected in buckwheat herb, having a molecular mass of 85.3 ± 2 kDa and an isoelectric point between pH 6.0 and 6.5.

CASSINOPIN, A KAEMPFEROL TRIRHAMNOSIDE FROM CASSINOPSIS MADAGASCARIENSIS

A new glycoside, 3-4)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl>-7-α-L-rhamnosylkaempferol, cassinopin, was isolated from the leaves of Cassinopsis madagascariensis, together with the known phenylpropanoid glycosides calceolarioside A, B and C, and verbascoside.The structure of cassinopin was established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.