54191-22-9

Upstream product

• 104-82-5 4-Methylbenzyl chloride 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 130774-56-0 p-Methylbenzyl Trifluoromethanesulfinate 
• 132907-18-7 3,6-dimethoxy-3,6-dimethylcyclohexa-1,4-diene 
• 93362-60-8 (Z)-1,4-Dimethyl-1,3-hexadien-5-in-1-yl-triflat 
• 34921-09-0 diethyl (4-methylbenzyl) phosphate 
• 75-65-0 tert-butyl alcohol 
• 7450-04-6 1-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)-4-methylbenzene 
• 1801-77-0 oxovanadium(V) ethoxydichloride 
• 4294-57-9 para-methylphenylmagnesium bromide 
• 3188-13-4 ethyl chloromethyl ether 
• 998-30-1 Triethoxysilane 
• 104-87-0 4-methyl-benzaldehyde 
• 50983-21-6 1,4-Cyclohexadien-1-carbonsaeure-methylester 

Downstream Products

• 104-87-0 4-methyl-benzaldehyde 
• 99-94-5 p-Toluic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

A Versatile Iridium(III) Metallacycle Catalyst for the Effective Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

A versatile iridium(III) metallacycle catalysed rapidly and selectively the reduction of a large array of challenging esters and carboxylic acids as well as various ketones and aldehydes. The reactions proceeded in high yields at room temperature by hydrosilylation followed by desilylation. Although the reactions of various aldehydes and ketones resulted exclusively in alcohols, the hydrosilylation of esters led to alcohols or ethers, depending on the type of substrate. Regarding the carboxylic acids, again the nature of the reagent controlled the outcome of the hydrosilylation reaction, either alcohols or aldehydes being formed.

Comparative activity of aryl, alkyl, and cycloalkyl halides in the suzuki reaction catalyzed with acyclic diaminocarbene complex of palladium

Relative activity of halogenated arenes, alkanes, and alkanes in the Suzuki reaction catalyzed with acyclic diaminocarbene complex of palladium has been investigated. Under all the investigated conditions, 4-iodoanisole has been more active than the alkyl

Reductive etherification of aldehydes photocatalyzed by dicarbonyl pentamethylcyclopentadienyl iron complexes

The reductive etherification of aldehydes can be performed by the reaction with dialkylmethylsilanes in the presence of new iron(II) piano-stool catalysts of general formula Cp*Fe(CO)2Ar (Cp * = η5-C5Me5; Ar = Ph, 4-C6H4OCH3, 4-C6H4CH 3, Fc). This transformation is promoted by UV light and affords a simple route for the preparation of unsymmetrical alkyl ethers.

A kinetic model for water reactivity (avoiding activities) for hydrolyses in aqueous mixtures - Selectivities for solvolyses of 4-substituted benzyl derivatives in alcohol-water mixtures

For solvolyses of various benzyl substrates in ethanol-water (EW) and methanol-water (MW) mixtures, product selectivities (S) are reported for chlorides at 75°C defined as follows using molar concentrations: S= ([ether product]/[alcohol product]) × ([water]/[alcohol solvent]). The results support earlier evidence that solvolyses of 4-nitrobenzyl substrates are S N2 processes, which are not susceptible to mechanistic changes over the whole range of solvents from water to alcohol. S values at 25 and/or 45°C in EW and MW, and additional kinetic data including kinetic solvent isotope effects (KSIE) are reported for solvolyses of 4-nitrobenzyl mesylate and tosylate. A kinetic model, explaining both rates and product, is proposed; a general medium effect due to solvent polarity is combined in one parameter with solvent effects on the nucleophilicity of the water and alcohol molecules acting as nucleophiles in SN2 reactions. According to this model, as alcohol is added to water the rate of reaction decreases due to a decrease in solvent polarity, but the nucleophilicity of water increases relative to alcohol. The availability of experimental rate and product data over the whole range of solvent compositions from alcohol to water, reveals limitations of alternative approaches using activities. Copyright

Highly efficient indium-catalyzed chemoselective allylation-etherification and reductive etherification of aromatic aldehydes with functional silanes

Indium(III) chloride is an effective Lewis acid catalyst for one-pot allylation-etherification and reductive etherification of aromatic aldehydes with functional silanes, allyltriethoxysilane, and triethoxysilane, at room temperature to afford corresponding ethers in excellent yields. Additionally, the InCl3-catalyzed reactions in the presence of TMSCl offer significant advantages in its ease of working-up for the preparation of unsymmetrical ethers under mild conditions.

Correlation of the rates of solvolysis of (arylmethyl)methylphenyl-sulfonium ions

The specific rates of solvolysis of the benzylmethylphenylsulfonium ion (prepared as the trifluoromethanesulfonate salt) and five benzylic ring-substituted derivatives can be satisfactorily correlated using NT solvent nucleophilicity values. Addition of a secondary term, governed by the aromatic ring parameter (I), shows the sensitivities towards changes in this parameter to fall and those towards changes in NT to rise with increasing electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent. The Hammett ρ values with electron-withdrawing substituents (based on ρ+ values) vary from -0.9 in 95% acetone to -1.8 in 97% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. These Grunwald-Winstein and Hammett analyses are compared to those previously reported, with essentially the same solvents and substituents, for solvolyses of arylmethyl p-toluenesulfonates.

Selective Cross Coupling via Oxovanadium(V)-Induced Oxidative Desilylation of Benzylic Silanes

Benzylic silanes bearing an electron-donating group at the ortho- or para-position underwent the oxovanadium(V)-induced one-electron oxidative desilylation due to low ionization potential, which was applied to the intermolecular regioselective coupling with allylic silanes or silyl enol ether.

Photochemistry of phosphate esters: An efficient method for the generation of electrophiles

The photochemical cleavage of benzyl diethyl phosphates, 1a-g, has been examined in tert-butyl alcohol, which produces the corresponding benzyl tert-butyl ether as the major solvolysis product upon direct irradiation. The multiplicity of the reactive excited state has been established as the singlet state. Evidence favoring an intermediate benzyl cation-phosphate ion pair formed from photofragmentation includes oxygen-18 scrambling, racemization of chiral benzyl phosphates, and substituent effects on the rate of reaction. The existence of an electrophilic intermediate is further supported by a linear free energy relationship for the rate of disappearance of 1, kdis, with Hammett σ, which gave a ρ value of -0.90 and for the rate of appearance of 2, kapp, a Hammett ρ value of -0.97. Possible mechanisms including an electron transfer either before or after homolysis or simple heterolysis of the ester bond are evaluated.

REACTIVITY OF 3,6-DIMETHOXY-3,6-DIMETHYLCYCLOHEXA-1,4-DIENE: NUCLEAR VERSUS BENZYLIC NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

The treatment of cis/trans-3,6-dimethoxy-3,6-dimethylcyclohexa-1,4-diene (ca. 1/1 mixture; easily prepared electrochemically in multigram scale from p-xylene) under acidic conditions (acetic, trifluoroacetic, sulfuric, or a Lewis acid) yields almost exclusively 2-methoxy-1,4-dimethylbenzene 4, through a trasposition reaction.The use of aqueous hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acid gives 2,5-dimethylphenol 12, and with hydrogen chloride a mixture of 2- and α-chloro-p-xylene (13, 14) is isolated.Different oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing nucleophiles (alcohols,thiols, or hydrazoic acid) react with 3 under acid catalysis giving the corresponding products resulting from a nuclear or/ and benzylic substitution on p-xylene (15 - 20).The reaction of compound 3 with organolithium reagents affords exclusively benzylic products 21 in a regiospecific manner.In all cases the mixtures of isomers are separated by column chromatography.The lithiation of compound 3 with lithium powder or lithium naphthalenide fails, giving p-xylene.A probable mechanism is proposed for the studied reactions.

THE SYNTHESIS, SOLVOLYSIS AND REARRANGEMENT OF BENZYL TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFINATES

The synthesis and reactivity of benzyl trifluoromethanesulfinates have been investigated.These esters are easily and almost quantitatively obtained by selective oxidation of the corresponding sulfenates.A study of their behavior has revealed some unique features.In sharp contrast to benzyl arenesulfinates, which undergo ethanolysis with complete sulfur-oxygen bond fission, the corresponding trifluoromethanesulfinates undergo ethanolysis with exclusive carbon-oxygen bond fission, and with a rate enhancement by a factor of 6 powers of ten.The unusual high reactivity of these esters, comparable to that of the corresponding tosylates, is discussed.A kinetic study of the solvent and substituents effects on the rate of solvolysis has been performed.Also in contrast with benzyl arenesulfinates, these esters undergo facile rearrangement to sulfone on heating in polar nonhydroxylic solvents such as acetonitrile, in high yields.The mechanisms of solvolysis and rearrangement are discussed.