555-60-2 Usage
Description
CCCP is a protonophore mitochondrial uncoupler that increases membrane permeability to protons, leading to a disruption in the mitochondrial membrane potential. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and ATPase activity when used at concentrations of 110 and 35 nM, respectively. CCCP inhibits activation of stimulation of interferon genes (STING), decreasing the expression of downstream STING targets, including IFN-β, TBK1, and IRF3 when used at a concentration of 50 μM in RAW 264.7 cells. It induces mitochondrial fission in a manner dependent on the GTPase Drp1. CCCP (4 mg/kg) increases body temperature as well as left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimensions and decreases fractional shortening in rats. It also increases myocardial glucose and fatty acid uptake in rats.
Chemical Properties
yellow to orange-brown crystalline powder
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 555-60-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone is a widely used uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.
2. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) has been used:in the inhibition of efflux pump in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosato inhibit oxidative phosphorylation activity of mitochondria in human Beas-2B bronchial epithelial cellsto prepare carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone solution for oxidative and mitochondrial stress assay and mitophagy induction in Caenorhabditis elegans
Biological Activity
Widely used uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) induces mitophagy in mammalian cells. CCCP suppresses the expression of few electron transport chain (ETC) proteins. Protonophore (H+ ionophore) and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Shown to have a number of effects on cellular calcium. Inhibits secretion of hepatic lipase and partially inhibits the pH gradient-activated Cl- uptake and Cl-/Cl- exchange activities in brush-border membrane vesicles.
in vitro
a genetic β-galactoside reporter system with a disk diffusion assay on macconkey lactose agar petri plates to monitor maintenance of the bacteriophage λ prophage state and viral induction in escherichia coli k-12. it presented evidence that the phage λ major lytic promoters, pl and pr, are activated via cells containing the reporters following exposure to the energy poison cccp. requirement of expression of the λ lytic promoters in response to cccp is host reca function and an auto-cleavable ci repressor, as does sos induction of the λ prophage occurring by a dna damage-dependent pathway. cccp-mediated activation of the λ lytic promoters required λ cro function. cccp does not modulate an sfi-lacz sos reporter [1]. the uncoupler cccp blocks oxidative phosphorylation by damaging the proton gradient. an anion cccp can bind a proton. but cccp with a delocalized negative charge allows it to cross the lipid bilayer in the unprotonated form, while weak acids cross the hydrophobic membrane only when protonated. many protons can be transported by one molecule of cccp across the inner membrane. it is described that a genetic reporter system to monitor maintenance of the λ prophage state and viral induction, and evidence is presented that it activates the major leftward and rightward lytic promoters of the λ prophage that cells are exposed to the energy poison cccp.
references
[1]. thomason lc, court dl. evidence that bacteriophage λ lysogens may induce in response to the proton motive force uncoupler cccp. fems microbiol lett. 2016 feb;363(3).
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 555-60-2 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,5 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 555-60:
(5*5)+(4*5)+(3*5)+(2*6)+(1*0)=72
72 % 10 = 2
So 555-60-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C9H5ClN4/c10-7-2-1-3-8(4-7)13-14-9(5-11)6-12/h1-4,13H
555-60-2Relevant articles and documents
Novel heterocyclic disazo dyes containing pyrazole and phenylpyrazole. part 1: Synthesis, characterization, solvent polarity and acid-base sensitive characteristics
Demir?al?, Aykut
, (2021/02/02)
A series of diazotised aniline and aniline derivative compounds were reacted with solution of malononitrile in pyridine at 0–5 °C were obtained 1a-1m compounds. Then 4-arylazo-3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazole (2a-2m) derivatives were synthesized by coupling arylazo malononitrile compounds with hydrazine. Finally, the synthesized pyrazole derivative 2a-2m compounds were again diazotised. By reacting these diazotised compounds with 3-amino-5?hydroxy-1-phenylpyrazole, the new thirteen heterocyclic disazo dyes (3a-3m) were joined the dye literature and the dye industry. The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-Attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR-ATR), 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Then solvatochromic properties and solvent effect in dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, acetic acid, methanol and chloroform were investigated. In addition, the effects of organic and inorganic acids and bases on the absorption spectra of the compounds and the substituent effect of the phenyl ring-bound groups were investigated.
Discovery, SAR study and ADME properties of methyl 4-amino-3-cyano-1-(2-benzyloxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate as an HIV-1 replication inhibitor
Alvarez, Karine,Busca, Patricia,Calvez, Vincent,Delelis, Olivier,Fichez, Jeanne,Gizzi, Patrick,Gravier-Pelletier, Christine,Le Corre, Laurent,Prestat, Guillaume,Sayon, Sophie,Soulie, Cathia,Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève,Priet, Stéphane
, p. 577 - 582 (2020/06/04)
Inspired by the antiviral activity of known pyrazole-based HIV inhibitors, we screened our in-house library of pyrazole-based compounds to evaluate theirin celluloactivity against HIV-1 replication. Two hits with very similar structures appeared from single and multiple-round infection assays to be non-toxic and active in a dose-dependent manner. Chemical expansion of their series allowed an in-depth and consistent structure-activity-relationship study (SAR) to be built. Further ADME evaluation led to the selection of 4-amino-3-cyano-1-(2-benzyloxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate with an advantageous pharmacokinetic profile. Finally, examination of its mode of action revealed that this compound does not belong to the three main classes of anti-HIV drugs, a feature of prime interest in the context of viral resistance.
Fasciolicidal activity of carbonyl dicyanide phenylhydrazones
Brown,Coles,Hayes
, p. 361 - 363 (2007/10/09)
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