5622-83-3Relevant articles and documents
Switchable Regioselective 6-endo or 5-exo Radical Cyclization via Photoredox Catalysis
Blakey, Simon B.,Hendy, Cecilia M.,Jui, Nathan T.,Maust, Mark C.
, p. 3776 - 3781 (2022/03/08)
Controlling the regioselectivity of radical cyclizations to favor the 6-endo mode over its kinetically preferred 5-exo counterpart is difficult without introducing substrate prefunctionalization. To address this challenge, we have developed a simple method for reagent controlled regioselective radical cyclization of halogenated N-heterocycles onto pendant olefins. Radical generation occurs under mild photoredox conditions with control of the regioselectivity governed by the rate of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Utilizing a polarity-matched thiol-based HAT agent promotes the highly selective formation of the 5-exo cyclization product. Conversely, limiting the solubility of the HAT reagent Hantzsch ester (HEH) leads to selective formation of the thermodynamically favored 6-endo product. This occurs through an initial 5-exo cyclization, with the resulting alkyl radical intermediate undergoing neophyl rearrangement to form the 6-endo product. Development of this switchable catalysis strategy allows for two modes of divergent reactivity to form either the 6-endo or 5-exo product, generating fused N-heteroaromatic/saturated ring systems.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Benzo[ d]imidazole via Intramolecular C(sp3)-H Amination
Li, An,Li, Caohui,Li, Lijun,Liu, Yu,Tang, Kewen,Yang, Tao,Yang, Zan,Zhou, Congshan
, (2022/01/03)
An electrochemical dehydrogenative amination for the synthesis of benzimidazoles was developed. This electrosynthesis method could address the limitations of the C(sp3)-H intramolecular amination synthesis reaction and provide novel access to obtain 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles without transition metals and oxidants. Under undivided electrolytic conditions, various benzimidazole derivatives could be synthesized, exhibiting functional group tolerance.
Study of the Effect of Substituents of ortho-Phenylenediamines in the Opening of Lactones and Lactams for Access to Benzimidazol-2-yl Alkanols and Benzimidazol-2-yl Alkylamines
Arimondo, Paola B.,Balleé, Alexia,Beaurain, Florian,Castillo-Aguilera, Omar,Depreux, Patrick,Goossens, Laurence
, p. 1216 - 1220 (2020/07/30)
Benzimidazoles represent common chemical moieties in bioactive compounds. The synthesis of this heterocycle often involves a condensation of an ortho-phenylenediamine with a carboxylic acid derivative. The observed dialkylation of the starting ortho-phenylenediamine is avoided by opening of lactones or lactams. This strategy can directly yield 1 H-benzimidazoles substituted at the 2-position by a functionalized chain. We present herein a study of the effect of different electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups at the 4-position of ortho-phenylenediamines on the opening of lactones or lactams to synthesize benzimidazol-2-yl alkanols and benzimidazol-2-yl alkylamines.
Electroreductive heterocyclization of ortho-piperidino substituted nitro(het)arenes
Begunov, Roman S.,Minyaev, Mikhail E.,Sakulina, Valeria O.,Saverina, Evgeniya A.,Sokolov, Alexandr A.,Syroeshkin, Mikhail A.
, p. 633 - 635 (2020/10/09)
Electrochemical reduction of ortho-piperidino substituted nitro(het)arenes in an undivided cell on a lead cathode in 8% HCl gave either 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]-benzimidazoles or 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[3′,2′:4,5]- imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. The red
Synthesis of rutaecarpine alkaloids: Via an electrochemical cross dehydrogenation coupling reaction
Li, Qian-Yu,Cheng, Shi-Yan,Tang, Hai-Tao,Pan, Ying-Ming
supporting information, p. 5517 - 5520 (2019/10/28)
Substrates are directly oxidized at the anode without using any metal catalyst and oxidant to obtain a series of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, including benzimidazoles and quinolinones. These compounds are highly tolerant to various functional groups and heterocycle-containing substrates. In addition, natural alkaloids, such as rutaecarpine and deoxyvasicinone, can be synthesized by this method.
Metal-Free Sequential C(sp2)-H/OH and C(sp3)-H Aminations of Nitrosoarenes and N-Heterocycles to Ring-Fused Imidazoles
Purkait, Anisha,Roy, Subhra Kanti,Srivastava, Hemant Kumar,Jana, Chandan K.
, p. 2540 - 2543 (2017/05/24)
Hydrogen bond assisted ortho-selective C(sp2)-H amination of nitrosoarenes and subsequent α-C(sp3)-H functionalization of aliphatic amines is achieved under metal-free conditions. The annulation of nitrosoarenes and 2-hydroxy-C-nitroso compounds with N-heterocycles provides a facile excess to a wide range of biologically relevant ring-fused benzimidazoles and structurally novel polycyclic imidazoles, respectively. Nucleophilic aromatic hydrogen substitution (SNArH) was found to be preferred over classical SNAr reaction during the C(sp2)-H amination of halogenated nitrosoarenes.
Copper-Catalyzed Double C-N Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Diverse Benzimidazoles from N -Alkyl-2-iodoaniline and Sodium Azide
Chen, Zhengkai,Li, Hongli,Cao, Gangjian,Xu, Jianfeng,Miao, Maozhong,Ren, Hongjun
supporting information, p. 504 - 508 (2017/02/24)
An efficient approach to the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives has been achieved by copper-catalyzed double C-N bonds formation of N-alkyl-2-iodoaniline and sodium azide. The reaction was supposed to proceed through copper-catalyzed tandem reaction of SNAr reaction, aerobic oxidation of C(sp3)-H bond and intramolecular C-N bond formation sequence. Structurally diverse 2-aryl, alkenyl and alkyl benzoimidazole derivatives were assembled by this methodology.
Formic acid as a sustainable and complementary reductant: An approach to fused benzimidazoles by molecular iodine-catalyzed reductive redox cyclization of: O -nitro- t -anilines
Nguyen,Ermolenko,Al-Mourabit
supporting information, p. 2966 - 2970 (2016/06/09)
Molecular iodine was found to be an excellent catalyst for reductive redox cyclization of o-nitro-t-anilines 1 into fused tricyclic or 1,2-disubtituted benzimidazoles 2. A range of functional groups such as halides (F, Cl, Br), methoxy, ester, trifluoromethyl, cyano, pyridine and even nitro groups were tolerated using formic acid as a clean, safe, user-friendly and complementary reductant. When iodine was used in a stoichiometric amount (50 mol%), the methodology allowed the direct synthesis of benzimidazole hydroiodides 2·HI in high yields by simple precipitation from the reaction mixture.
Synthesis of benzimidazoles via iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling
Sun, Xiang,Lv, Xiao-Hui,Ye, Lin-Miao,Hu, Yu,Chen, Yan-Yan,Zhang, Xue-Jing,Yan, Ming
, p. 7381 - 7383 (2015/07/15)
Iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of tertiary amines and arylamines has been developed. A number of benzimidazoles were prepared in good yields. An iridium-mediated C-H activation mechanism is suggested. This finding represents a novel strategy for the synthesis of benzimidazoles.
Synthesis of benzimidazoles via iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling
Sun, Xiang,Lv, Xiao-Hui,Ye, Lin-Miao,Hu, Yu,Chen, Yan-Yan,Zhang, Xue-Jing,Yan, Ming
, p. 7381 - 7383 (2015/11/27)
Iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of tertiary amines and arylamines has been developed. A number of benzimidazoles were prepared in good yields. An iridium-mediated C-H activation mechanism is suggested. This finding represents a novel strategy for the synthesis of benzimidazoles.