5814-93-7

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
INDOLE-3-PROPIONAMIDE is used as a therapeutic agent for its ability to stabilize energy metabolism. Its application in this industry is primarily due to its potential to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to cause cellular damage and contribute to various diseases.
Used in Antioxidant Applications:
INDOLE-3-PROPIONAMIDE is used as an antioxidant agent for its capacity to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This application is beneficial in protecting cells from oxidative stress and may have implications in the prevention and treatment of various diseases associated with oxidative damage.
Used in Research and Development:
INDOLE-3-PROPIONAMIDE is used as a research compound for studying its effects on energy metabolism and ROS production. Its structural similarity to melatonin makes it an interesting candidate for exploring potential applications in the fields of sleep regulation, circadian rhythms, and other related physiological processes.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 37, p. 598, 1994 DOI: 10.1021/jm00031a009

InChI:InChI=1/C11H12N2O/c12-11(14)6-5-8-7-13-10-4-2-1-3-9(8)10/h1-4,7,13H,5-6H2,(H2,12,14)

Upstream product

• 5548-09-4 Methyl indole-3-propionate 
• 830-96-6 Indole-3-propionic acid 
• 79-22-1 methyl chloroformate 
• 20401-90-5 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanehydrazide 

Downstream Products

• 55153-64-5 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-phenyl propionamide 
• 6245-89-2 Homotryptamine 
• 1158201-42-3 N-1-[3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl]-4-methyl-1-benzenesulfonamide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Hypoiodite-Catalyzed Chemoselective Tandem Oxidation of Homotryptamines to Peroxy- And Epoxytetrahydropyridoindolenines

We developed the hypoiodite-catalyzed tandem dearomative peroxycyclization of homotryptamine derivatives to peroxytetrahydropyridoindolenines under mild conditions. During the course of a mechanistic study, we found that a tandem oxidative cyclization/epoxidation as an unexpected reaction proceeded in the presence of TEMPO as an additive. Intramolecular oxidative aminocyclization of homotryptamines at the C-2 position would give tetrahydropyridoindole, a common intermediate for both reactions. Control experiments suggested that while oxidative coupling with TBHP at the C-3 position might afford peroxyindolenines, a preferential electrophilic addition of TEMPO+, which might be generated in situ by the hypoiodite-catalyzed oxidation of TEMPO, at C-3 position followed by elimination and epoxidation might give epoxyindolenines. This serendipitous finding prompted us to develop a chemoselective divergent synthesis of peroxy- and epoxyindolenines by simple modification of the reaction conditions.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Derivatives of Indoline as Highly Potent Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agents

We describe the preparation and evaluation of novel indoline derivatives with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for the treatment of pathological conditions associated with chronic inflammation. The indolines are substituted at position 1 with chains carrying amino, ester, amide, or alcohol groups, and some have additional substituents, Cl, MeO, Me, F, HO, or BnO, on the benzo ring. Concentrations of 1 pM to 1 nM of several compounds protected RAW264.7 macrophages against H2O2 induced cytotoxicity and LPS induced elevation of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6. Several derivatives had anti-inflammatory activity at 1/100th of the concentration of unsubstituted indoline. Four compounds with ester, amine, amide, or alcohol side chains injected subcutaneously in mice at a dose of 1 μmol/kg or less, like dexamethasone (5.6 μmol/kg) prevented LPS-induced cytokine elevation in the brain and peripheral tissues. Subcutaneous injection of 100 μmol/kg of these compounds caused no noticeable adverse effects in mice during 3 days of observation.

INDOLINE DERIVATIVES, COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THEM AND USES THEREOF

The present invention is directed to indoline derivatives and salts thereof, compositions comprising them and uses thereof for the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with at least one of oxidative stress, an immune response, release of NO and release of pro-inflammatory cytokine.

Screening of NOS activity and selectivity of newly synthesized acetamidines using RP-HPLC

Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) inhibitors could play a powerful role in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, novel acetamidine derivatives of NOS were synthesized and the inhibitor activity was evalued. To screen the activity and selectivity, the l-citrulline residue, after the enzymatic NOS assay, was derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl cysteine (OPA/NAC) and then evaluated by RP-HPLC method with fluorescence detection.All compounds did not affect the activity of endothelial and neuronal isoforms, while nine of them possessed a percentage of iNOS activity at 10 μM lower than 50%, and were selected for IC50 evaluation. Among them, a compound emerged as a very potent (IC50 of 53 nM) and selective iNOS inhibitor.

Highly active modulators of indole signaling alter pathogenic behaviors in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria

Indole is a universal signal that regulates various bacterial behaviors, such as biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. To generate mechanistic probes of indole signaling and control indole-mediated pathogenic phenotypes in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, we have investigated the use of desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) derivatives to generate highly active indole mimetics. We have developed non-microbicidal dFBr derivatives that are 27-2000 times more active than indole in modulating biofilm formation, motility, acid resistance, and antibiotic resistance. The activity of these analogues parallels indole, because they are dependent on temperature, the enzyme tryptophanase TnaA, and the transcriptional regulator SdiA. This investigation demonstrates that molecules based on the dFBr scaffold can alter pathogenic behaviors by mimicking indole-signaling pathways. Phenotype control: Non-microbicidal desformylflustrabromine (dFBr) derivatives that are 27-2000 times more active than indole in modulating biofilm formation, motility, acid resistance, and antibiotic resistance were developed. This investigation demonstrates that molecules based on the dFBr scaffold can alter pathogenic behaviors by mimicking indole-signaling pathways (see scheme).

Enantioselective electrophilic amination of α-cyanothioacetates with azodicarboxylates catalyzed by an axially chiral guanidine base

An enantioselective electrophilic amination of α-substituted cyanothioacetates with azodicarboxylate is demonstrated using an axially chiral guanidine as a chiral Bronsted base catalyst. The corresponding product, having a quaternary stereogenie center at

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The invention relates to organic compounds which have interesting pharmaceutical properties. In particular, the compounds are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of infections such as those caused by Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, Trypanosoma cruzi and parasites of the Leishmania genus such as, for example, Leishmania donovani. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, as well as processes for their preparation.

Binding of serotonin to the human serotonin transporter. Molecular modeling and experimental validation

Molecular modeling and structure-activity relationship studies were performed to propose a model for binding of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) to the human serotonin transporter (hSERT). Homology models were constructed using the crystal structure of a bacterial homologue, the leucine transporter from Aquifex aeolicus, as the template and three slightly different sequence alignments. Induced fit docking of 5-HT into hSERT homology models resulted in two different binding modes. Both show a salt bridge between Asp98 and the charged primary amine of 5-HT, and both have the 5-HT C6 position of the indole ring pointing toward Ala173. The difference between the two orientations of 5-HT is an enantiofacial discrimination of the indole ring, resulting in the 5-hydroxyl group of 5-HT being vicinal to either Ser438/Thr439 or Ala169/Ile172/Ala173. To assess the binding experimentally, binding affinities for 5-HT and 17 analogues toward wild type and 13 single point mutants of hSERT were measured using an approach termed paired mutant-ligand analogue complementation (PaMLAC). The proposed ligand-protein interaction was systematically examined by disrupting it through site-directed mutagenesis and reestablishing another interaction via a ligand analogue matching the mutated residue, thereby minimizing the risk of identifying indirect effects. The interactions between Asp98 and the primary amine of 5-HT and the interaction between the C6-position of 5-HT and hSERT position 173 was confirmed using PaMLAC. The measured binding affinities of various mutants and 5-HT analogues allowed for a distinction between the two proposed binding modes of 5-HT and biochemically support the model for 5-HT binding in hSERT where the 5-hydroxyl group is in close proximity to Thr439.

Indole-3-propionamide and derivatives thereof

Indolepropionamide (IPAM) and related compounds, pharmaceutical or dietary compositions thereof and methods of using said compounds are disclosed for use as a preventative or therapeutic treatment for many conditions related to oxidative damage. Oxidative damage increases in aging and age related disorders and is widespread in many neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and others. Indolepropionamide is a potent anti-oxidant and anti-aging molecule, with superior properties as compares to previously known compounds.

Toward the control of Leptosphaeria maculans: Design, syntheses, biological activity, and metabolism of potential detoxification inhibitors of the crucifer phytoalexin brassinin

Brassinin (1), a crucial plant defense produced by crucifers, is detoxified by the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Phoma lingam) to indole-3-carboxaldehyde using a putative brassinin oxidase. Potential inhibitors of brassinin detoxification