58193-48-9

Upstream product

• 3620-23-3 3-acetyl-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2-one 
• 626-96-0 4-oxopentanal 
• 583-05-1 1-phenylpentane-1,4-dione 
• 96-09-3 styrene oxide 
• 13483-31-3 Acetone dimethylhydrazone 
• 1008-76-0 4,5-dihydro-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 
• 917-54-4 methyllithium 
• 42436-86-2 2-phenylcyclobutanone 
• 1427728-80-0 (((4-bromo-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl)oxy)methyl)benzene 
• 102632-99-5 1-phenyl-4-penten-1-ol 
• 1623001-68-2 5-(tert-butylperoxy)-5-phenylpentan-2-one 
• 100-42-5 styrene 
• 122-57-6 1-Phenylbut-1-en-3-one 
• 140696-24-8 1-(trans-2-Phenylcyclopropyl)ethanol 

Downstream Products

• 583-05-1 1-phenylpentane-1,4-dione 
• 1112990-00-7 4-oxo-1-phenylpentyl 4-methylbenzoate 
• 636599-06-9 5,5-dibromo-4-methyl-1-phenyl-4-pentenyl acetate 
• 507260-96-0 5,5-dibromo-4-methyl-1-phenylpent-4-en-1-ol 
• 72299-82-2 1-phenyl-4-hexyn-1-ol 
• 27163-48-0 5-acetoxy-5-phenyl-2-pentanone 
• 1666-13-3 diphenyl diselenide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Alkyne Trifunctionalization via Divergent Gold Catalysis: Combining π-Acid Activation, Vinyl-Gold Addition, and Redox Catalysis

Here we report the first example of alkyne trifunctionalization through simultaneous construction of C-C, C-O, and C-N bonds via gold catalysis. With the assistance of a γ-keto directing group, sequential gold-catalyzed alkyne hydration, vinyl-gold nucleophilic addition, and gold(III) reductive elimination were achieved in one pot. Diazonium salts were identified as both electrophiles (N source) and oxidants (C source). Vinyl-gold(III) intermediates were revealed as effective nucleophiles toward diazonium, facilitating nucleophilic addition and reductive elimination with high efficiency. The rather comprehensive reaction sequence was achieved with excellent yields (up to 95%) and broad scope (>50 examples) under mild conditions (room temperature or 40 °C).

Regioselective Crossed Aldol Reactions under Mild Conditions via Synergistic Gold-Iron Catalysis

A synergistic gold-iron (Au-Fe) catalytic system was developed for sequential alkyne hydration and vinyl Au addition to aldehydes or ketones. Fe(acac)3 was identified as an essential co-catalyst in preventing vinyl Au protodeauration and facilitating nucleophilic additions. Effective C–C bond formation was achieved under mild conditions (room temperature) with excellent regioselectivity and high efficiency (1% [Au], up to 95% yields). The intramolecular reaction was also achieved, giving successful macrocyclization (16–31 ring sizes) with excellent yields (up to 90%, gram scale) without extended dilution (0.2 M), which highlights the great potential of this new crossed aldol strategy in challenging target molecule synthesis. Effective construction of the C–C bond is one of the most important tasks in organic synthesis. Whereas aldol condensation is a classic C–C bond-forming transformation, it requires other chemical promoters, such as strong base and reactive acidic catalysts. As a result, the overall transformation is limited in terms of ideal atom economy and environmentally friendly operation. With the discovery of a gold-iron (Au-Fe) synergistic catalysis system, here we describe a new approach to facilitating alkyne hydration and sequential vinyl Au addition to carbonyls. This approach gives the C–C bond-forming products in excellent yields, wide substrate scope, and great functional-group compatibility under mild conditions. This protocol can also be applied to macrocyclization without extended dilution. This C–C bond-forming strategy could facilitate challenging molecule synthesis in chemical, biological, and medicinal research. We report a synergistic gold-iron (Au-Fe) catalytic system to access vinyl Au reactivity by avoiding frequently occurring protodeauration. Fe(acac)3 was identified as an essential co-catalyst, facilitating vinyl Au addition to aldehydes. A broad substrate scope was obtained under mild conditions (room temperature) with excellent regioselectivity and high efficiency (1% [Au], up to 95% yields). This protocol offers a practical solution for achieving macrocyclization (16–31 ring sizes, up to 90%, gram scale) without extended dilution, highlighting the synthetic utility in complex molecular synthesis.

Electrochemistry Broadens the Scope of Flavin Photocatalysis: Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Unactivated Alcohols

Riboflavin-derived photocatalysts have been extensively studied in the context of alcohol oxidation. However, to date, the scope of this catalytic methodology has been limited to benzyl alcohols. In this work, mechanistic understanding of flavin-catalyzed oxidation reactions, in either the absence or presence of thiourea as a cocatalyst, was obtained. The mechanistic insights enabled development of an electrochemically driven photochemical oxidation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols using a pair of flavin and dialkylthiourea catalysts. Electrochemistry makes it possible to avoid using O2 and an oxidant and generating H2O2 as a byproduct, both of which oxidatively degrade thiourea under the reaction conditions. This modification unlocks a new mechanistic pathway in which the oxidation of unactivated alcohols is achieved by thiyl radical mediated hydrogen-atom abstraction.

Dual cobalt-copper light-driven catalytic reduction of aldehydes and aromatic ketones in aqueous media

We present an efficient, general, fast, and robust light-driven methodology based on earth-abundant elements to reduce aryl ketones, and both aryl and aliphatic aldehydes (up to 1400 TON). The catalytic system consists of a robust and well-defined aminopyridyl cobalt complex active for photocatalytic water reduction and the [Cu(bathocuproine)(Xantphos)](PF6) photoredox catalyst. The dual cobalt-copper system uses visible light as the driving-force and H2O and an electron donor (Et3N or iPr2EtN) as the hydride source. The catalytic system operates in aqueous mixtures (80-60% water) with high selectivity towards the reduction of organic substrates (>2000) vs. water reduction, and tolerates O2. High selectivity towards the hydrogenation of aryl ketones is observed in the presence of terminal olefins, aliphatic ketones, and alkynes. Remarkably, the catalytic system also shows unique selectivity for the reduction of acetophenone in the presence of aliphatic aldehydes. The catalytic system provides a simple and convenient method to obtain α,β-deuterated alcohols. Both the observed reactivity and the DFT modelling support a common cobalt hydride intermediate. The DFT modelled energy profile for the [Co-H] nucleophilic attack to acetophenone and water rationalises the competence of [CoII-H] to reduce acetophenone in the presence of water. Mechanistic studies suggest alternative mechanisms depending on the redox potential of the substrate. These results show the potential of the water reduction catalyst [Co(OTf)(Py2Tstacn)](OTf) (1), (Py2Tstacn = 1,4-di(picolyl)-7-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate anion) to develop light-driven selective organic transformations and fine solar chemicals.

Copper-catalyzed aerobic C-C bond cleavage of lactols with N-hydroxy phthalimide for synthesis of lactones

The transformation of cyclic hemiacetals (lactols) into lactones has been achieved by Cu-catalyzed aerobic C-C bond cleavage in the presence of N-hydroxy phthalimide (NHPI). The present process is composed of a multistep sequence including a) formation of exo-cyclic enol ethers by dehydration; b) addition of phthalimide N-oxyl radical to the enol ethers followed by trapping of the resulting C-radicals with molecular oxygen to form peroxy radicals; c) reductive generation of oxy radicals and subsequent β-radical fragmentation to generate lactones.

Acid-catalyzed oxidative radical addition of ketones to olefins

Based on a mechanistic study, we have discovered a Bronsted acid catalyzed formation of ketone radicals. This is believed to proceed via thermally labile alkenyl peroxides formed in situ from ketones and hydroperoxides. The discovery could be utilized to develop a multicomponent radical addition of unactivated ketones and tert-butyl hydroperoxide to olefins. The resulting γ-peroxyketones are synthetically useful intermediates that can be further transformed into 1,4-diketones, homoaldol products, and alkyl ketones. A one-pot reaction yielding a pharmaceutically active pyrrole is also described.

Pd(0)-catalyzed alkene oxy- and aminoalkynylation with aliphatic bromoacetylenes

Tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines are among the most important heterocycles found in bioactive compounds. Cyclization-functionalization domino reactions of alcohols or amines onto olefins constitute one of the most efficient methods to access them. In this context, oxy- and aminoalkynylation are especially important reactions, because of the numerous transformations possible with the triple bond of acetylenes, yet these methods have been limited to the use of silyl protected acetylenes. Herein, we report the first palladium-catalyzed oxy- and aminoalkynylation using aliphatic bromoalkynes, which proceeded with high diastereoselectivity and functional group tolerance. A one-pot hydrogenation of the triple bond gave then access to alkyl-substituted tetrahydrofurans and pyrroldines. Finally, a detailed study of the side products formed during the reaction gave a first insight into the reaction mechanism.

Palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation with use of ionic liquid bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium formate [BHEA][HCO2] as a solvent and hydrogen source

We designed ionic liquid bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium formate [BHEA][HCO2] for use as a solvent and hydrogen donor for hydrogenation. Catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic ketones, nitro groups, and olefins with PdCl2 in [BHEA][HCO2] generated the corresponding reduction products. Selective reduction of aromatic ketones over aliphatic ketones was observed. Hydrogenolysis of benzyl ethers and benzyl amines also proceeded. All these reactions were successfully carried out in good to excellent yields under mild and nonflammable conditions. In addition, the ionic liquid and Pd source can be reused several times.

Non-flammable and reusable hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in ionic liquid

A novel method of hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in the ionic liquid [BHEA][HCO2] was developed; this method is more enhanced in terms of flammability and reusability as compared to the conventional method (H 2 and Pd/C). The redu

Phenyliodine diacetate-mediated oxidative cleavage of cyclobutanols leading to γ-hydroxy ketones

Oxidative cleavage of cyclobutanols using PIDA, which leads to efficient entry of γ-hydroxy ketones, is described. When using 2-substituted cyclobutanols, γ-substituted γ-hydroxy ketones are obtained through regioselective C-C bond cleavage.