58456-26-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Constrained peptidomimetics reveal detailed geometric requirements of covalent prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors
Lawandi, Janice,Toumieux, Sylvestre,Seyer, Valentine,Campbell, Philip,Thielges, Sabine,Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne,Moitessier, Nicolas
experimental part, p. 6672 - 6684 (2010/04/28)
Prolyl oligopeptidases cleave peptides on the carboxy side of internal proline residues and their inhibition has potential in the treatment of human brain disorders. Using our docking program FITTED, we have designed a series of constrained covalent inhibitors, built from a series of bicyclic scaffolds, to study the optimal shape required for these small molecules. These structures bear nitrile functional groups that we predicted to covalently bind to the catalytic serine of the enzyme. Synthesis and biological assays using human brain-derived astrocytic cells and endothelial cells and human fibroblasts revealed that these compounds act as selective inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidase activity compared to prolyl-dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase activity, are able to penetrate the cells and inhibit intracellular activities in intact living cells. This integrated computational and experimental study shed light on the binding mode of inhibitors in the enzyme active site and will guide the design of future drug-like molecules.
Effective methods for the synthesis of N-methyl β-amino acids from all twenty common α-amino acids using 1,3-oxazolidin-5-ones and 1,3-oxazinan-6-ones
Hughes, Andrew B.,Sleebs, Brad E.
, p. 2611 - 2637 (2007/10/03)
N-Methyl β-amino acids are generally required for application in the synthesis of potentially bioactive modified peptides and other oligomers. Previous work highlighted the reductive cleavage of 1,3-oxazolidin-5-ones to synthesise N-methyl α-amino acids. Starting from α-amino acids, two approaches were used to prepare the corresponding N-methyl β-amino acids. First, α-amino acids were converted to N-methyl α-amino acids by the so-called '1,3-oxazolidin-5-one strategy', and these were then homologated by the Arndt-Eistert procedure to afford N-protected N-methyl β-amino acids derived from the 20 common α-amino acids. These compounds were prepared in yields of 23-57% (relative to N-methyl α-amino acid). In a second approach, twelve N-protected α-amino acids could be directly homologated by the Arndt-Eistert procedure, and the resulting β-amino acids were converted to the 1,3-oxazinan-6-ones in 30-45% yield. Finally, reductive cleavage afforded the desired N-methyl β-amino acids in 41-63% yield. One sterically congested β-amino acid, 3-methyl-3-aminobutanoic acid, did give a high yield (95%) of the 1,3-oxazinan-6-one (65), and subsequent reductive cleavage gave the corresponding AIBN-derived N-methyl β-amino acid 61 in 71% yield (Scheme 2). Thus, our protocols allow the ready preparation of all N-methyl β-amino acids derived from the 20 proteinogenic α-amino acids.
Nγ-Aryl glutamine analogues as probes of the ASCT2 neutral amino acid transporter binding site
Esslinger, C. Sean,Cybulski, Kimberly A.,Rhoderick, Joseph F.
, p. 1111 - 1118 (2007/10/03)
Analogues of l-glutamine were designed and synthesized to test a hydrogen-bond hypothesis between ligand and neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2. The key design feature contains a substituted phenyl ring on the amide nitrogen that contains electron withdrawing and electron donating groups that alter the pKa of the amide NH. Through this study a preliminary binding site map has been developed, and a potent commercially available competitive inhibitor of the ASCT2 transporter has been identified.
Synthesis of new β-amino acids via 5-oxazolidinones and the arndt-eistert procedure
Hughes, Andrew B.,Sleebs, Brad E.
, p. 778 - 784 (2007/10/03)
N-Methyl β-amino acids are potentially useful amino acid derivatives for incorporation in lead peptide therapeutics. The syntheses of five such compounds are presented. Their synthesis via 6-oxazinanones was low yielding. Alternatively, reductive cleavage of a 5-oxazolidinone gave the N-methyl β-amino acid, which was then homologated via an Arndt-Eistert procedure in high yield to give the N-methyl α-amino acid. CSIRO 2005.
Biosynthesis of 4-methylproline in cyanobacteria: Cloning of nosE and nosF genes and biochemical characterization of the encoded dehydrogenase and reductase activities
Luesch, Hendrik,Hoffmann, Dietmar,Hevel, Joan M.,Becker, Julia E.,Golakoti, Trimurtulu,Moore, Richard E.
, p. 83 - 91 (2007/10/03)
The biosynthesis of the unusual amino acid 4-methylproline in the Nostoc genus of cyanobacteria was investigated on the genetic and enzymatic level. Two genes involved in the biosynthesis were cloned and the corresponding enzymes, a zinc-dependent long-chain dehydrogenase and a Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) reductase homologue, were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. Putative substrates were synthesized to test enzyme substrate specificities, and deuterium labeling studies were carried out to reveal the stereospecificities of the enzymatic reactions with respect to the substrates as well as to the coenzymes.
THIAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVES
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, (2008/06/13)
An object of the present invention is to provide novel thiazolidine derivatives which are useful as drugs. The thiazolidine derivatives according to the present invention are compounds represented by the following general formula [I] and salts thereof, wherein R 1is alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, phenylalkoxy, phenoxy, phenoxyalkyl, amino, alkylamino or a nonaromatic heterocycle; R 2is H or alkyl; R 3is H, alkyl or phenyl; R 4is H or alkyl; R 5is alkyl, halogenoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, phenyl, phenylalkoxy, phenoxy, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, phenylalkoxycarbonyl or an aromatic heterocycle; A 1is alkylene; and A 2is alkylene.
Synthesis of muramyl peptides containing meso-diaminopimelic acid
Kubasch, Niels,Schmidt, Richard R.
, p. 2710 - 2726 (2007/10/03)
Chain-extension of L-glutamate aldehyde 3 by means of the Wittig-Horner reaction furnished the desired C7 dicarboxylic acid derivative, which in turn, after C-C double bond hydrogenation and protecting group manipulation, afforded the 2,6-diaminopimelic acid derivatives (S,R)-9 and (S,S)-9, both with the desired orthogonal protecting group pattern. Synthesis of the muramic acid derivative 15 and attachment of an L-alanine residue furnished muramyl-L-alanine 18. The corresponding 1,6-anhydromuramic acid derivative 26 was obtained similarly. Treatment of these compounds with peptides 28-30 and with the 2,6-diaminopimelic acid containing di- and tripeptides 32a, 32b, and 35 gave the protected muramyl peptides 17, 37, 40, 42, 44, 46, and 49a and 49b, which, after deprotection, afforded the desired target molecules muramyl-L-alanine (38), muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid (39), muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutaminide (41), muramyl-L-alanyl-D- isoglutaminyl-L-lysine (43), muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-(2S,6R)-2,6-diaminopimelic acid (45), muramyl-L-alanyl- L-isoglutaminyl-(2S,6R)-2,6-diaminopimelic-D-alanme (47), 1,6-anhydromuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-(2S,6R)-2,6-diaminopimelic acid (50a), and 1,6-anhydromuramyl-L-alanyl-D- isoglutaminyl-(2S,6S)-2,6-diaminiopimelic acid (50b). ( Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002).
Synthesis of Two Stable Nitrogen Analogues of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
Thompson, Mark J.,Mekhalfia, Abdelaziz,Hornby, David P.,Blackburn, G. Michael
, p. 7467 - 7473 (2007/10/03)
Homochiral syntheses of two stable nitrogen analogues of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) are described. In the first analogue, AzaAdoMet, the sulfonium center of AdoMet, is replaced by an N-methyl moiety whose pKa is 7.08. This provides a char
Synthesis of an Aza-Analogue of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine and Its Binding to the E. coli Methionine Repressor Protein (MetJ)
Thompson, Mark J.,Mekhalfia, Abdelaziz,Jakeman, David L.,Phillips, Simon E. V.,Phillips, Kathryn,et al.
, p. S85 - S87 (2007/10/03)
Synthesis of 5'-methylamino>-5'-deoxyadenosine is described from D-adenosine and (S)-glutamic acid.This product, AzaAdoMet 2, has a pKa of 7.10 for the tertiary amino group and so acts as a charge-switshable anal
Homochiral synthesis of an aza analogue of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) and its binding to the E. coli methionine repressor protein (MetJ)
Thompson, Mark J.,Mekhalfia, Abdelaziz,Jakeman, David L.,Phillips, Simon E. V.,Phillips, Kathryn,Porter, Jonathan,Blackburn, G. Michael
, p. 791 - 792 (2007/10/03)
A synthesis of 5′-{N-[(S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-methylamino}-5′-deoxyadenosine from D-adenosine and (S)-glutamic acid is described; this product, AzaAdoMet 2, has a pKa of 7.10 for the tertiary amino group and so acts as a charge-switchable
