586333-22-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Mild and Regioselective Synthesis of 3-CF3-Pyrazoles by the AgOTf-Catalysed Reaction of CF3-Ynones with Hydrazines
Topchiy, Maxim A.,Zharkova, Daria A.,Asachenko, Andrey F.,Muzalevskiy, Vasiliy M.,Chertkov, Vyacheslav A.,Nenajdenko, Valentine G.,Nechaev, Mikhail S.
supporting information, p. 3750 - 3755 (2018/07/31)
Gold- and silver-catalysed reactions of trifluoromethylated ynones with aryl (alkyl) hydrazines were investigated. The use of (THD-Dipp)AuOTf and AgOTf resulted in quick heterocyclization reactions to selectively give 3-CF3-pyrazoles. AgOTf was found to be the catalyst of choice, and various 3-CF3-pyrazoles were formed in up to 99 % isolated yield with high regioselectivity. The reaction has a broad scope: 3-CF3-pyrazoles with alkyl and aryl substituents as well as different functional groups can be prepared by this approach. The known pyrazole drugs Celebrex and SC-560 were efficiently prepared to demonstrate the utility of the method. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the reaction involves the formation of a hemiaminal as a key intermediate.
Selective, Metal-Free Approach to 3- or 5-CF3-Pyrazoles: Solvent Switchable Reaction of CF3-Ynones with Hydrazines
Muzalevskiy, Vasiliy M.,Rulev, Alexander Yu.,Romanov, Alexey R.,Kondrashov, Evgeniy V.,Ushakov, Igor A.,Chertkov, Vyacheslav A.,Nenajdenko, Valentine G.
, p. 7200 - 7214 (2017/07/26)
A detailed study of the reaction of trifluoroacetylated acetylenes and aryl (alkyl) hydrazines was performed, aimed to the regioselective synthesis of 3- or 5-trifluoromethylated pyrazoles. It was found that the regioselectivity of reaction depends dramatically on the solvent nature. Highly polar protic solvents (hexafluoroisopropanol) favor the formation of 3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles. In contrast, when the reaction was performed in polar aprotic solvents (DMSO), the formation of their 5-CF3-substituted isomers was preferentially observed. Alternatively, the regioselective assembly of 3-CF3-substituted pyrazoles can be performed via two-step one-pot procedure. The reaction of trifluoromethylated ynones with aryl (alkyl) hydrazines in the presence of acidic catalysts leads to formation of the corresponding hydrazones. The latter can be smoothly transformed into 3-CF3-pyrazoles by treatment with a base. This solvent-switchable procedure was used for the preparation of such important drugs as Celebrex and SC-560 as well as their isomers in gram scale. The possible reaction mechanism is discussed.
Solvent- and transition metal catalyst-dependent regioselectivity in the [3+2]cyclocondensation of trifluoromethyl-α,β-ynones with hydrazines: Switchable access to 3- and 5-trifluoromethylpyrazoles
Hsieh, Min-Tsang,Kuo, Sheng-Chu,Lin, Hui-Chang
, p. 683 - 689 (2015/03/18)
The regioselectivity of the [3+2]cyclocondensation of trifluoromethyl-α,β-ynones with hydrazines can be readily tuned to preferentially afford either 3- or 5-trifluoromethylpyrazoles through variation of the reaction conditions. Under catalysis with copper(II) acetate (2.0 mol%), cyclocondensation proceeded smoothly to yield 3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles with high regioselectivity. In contrast, when the reaction was conducted in dimethyl sulfoxide under catalyst-free conditions, the formation of 5-trifluoromethylpyrazoles was predominantly observed.
Pyrazole formation: Examination of kinetics, substituent effects, and mechanistic pathways
Sloop, Joseph C.,Lechner, Brent,Washington, Gary,Bumgardner, Carl L.,Loehle, W. David,Creasy, William
, p. 370 - 383 (2008/09/20)
Reaction kinetics for the condensation of 1,3-diketones 1a-o with selected arylhydrazines (aryl = Ph, 4-NO2Ph, 4-CH3OPh, and 2,4-diNO2Ph) was studied using 19F NMR spectroscopy. Product regioselectivity is modulated by reactant ratios, substituents, and acidity. Reaction rates were found to be influenced by substituents on the diketones and on phenylhy-drazines as well as by acidity of the reaction medium with rates varying as much as 1000-fold. Hammett p values for these cyclizations were determined. The reaction was found to be first order in both the diketone and arylhydrazine. The rate-determining step for pyrazole formation shifts as a function of pH. Mechanistic details and reaction pathways supporting these findings are proposed.
