5903-23-1Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of peri-cyclobutarenes by thermolysis of [methoxy(trimethylsilyl)methyl]arenes
Engler, Thomas A.,Shechter, Harold
, p. 4247 - 4254 (2007/10/03)
[Methoxy(trimethylsilyl)methyl]arenes are readily prepared by reactions of chlorotrimethylsilane with (α-methoxy)arenylmethyllithium reagents as obtained from (methoxymethyl)arenes and t-BuLi. The [methoxy(trimethylsilyl)methyl]arenes eliminate methoxytrimethylsilane at 525-675 °C/0.05-0.10 mm to yield peri-cyclobutarenes as derived from arenylcarbenes. Of importance is the fact that the initial arenylcarbenes generated insert into adjacent peri C-H bonds and/or isomerize to other arenylcarbenes that insert into their peri C-H bonds to give peri- cyclobutarenes. Thus, flash-vacuum pyrolysis of 1- [methoxy(trimethylsilyl)methyl]naphthalene (13) at 575-675 °C/0.05-0.10 mm yields 1H-cyclobuta[de]naphthalene (6, up to 39%) in practical quantities. 2- [Methoxy(trimethylsilyl)methyl]naphthalene (23) also affords 6 as a major thermolysis product. At 510 °C/0.05-0.10 mm 4-methoxy-1- [methoxy(trimethylsilyl)methyl]naphthalene (29) decomposes to 4-methoxy-1H- cyclobuta[de]naphthalene (31, 46%). Under similar conditions, 2-methoxy-1- [methoxy(trimethylsilyl)methyl]naphthalene (33) converts to 1,2- dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]furan (35, 64%) and naphtho[2,1-b]furan (36, 31%), presumably by insertion of 2-methoxy-1-naphthylcarbene (34) into a C-H bond of its o-methoxy group and then dehydrogenation of the resultant dihydrofuran. Further, 1-[methoxy(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-6-methylnaphthalene (39) pyrolyzes (510 °C/0.10-0.20 mm) to 6-methyl-1-naphthylcarbene (40), which isomerizes in part to 7-methyl-1-naphthylcarbene (49); carbenes 40 and 49 then undergo peri C-H insertion to give 3-methyl-1H- cyclobuta[de]naphthalene (41) and 2-methyl-1H-cyclobuta[de]naphthalene (42) in an 8:1 ratio and a combined yield of 44%. The pyrolytic method is particularly valuable for preparing higher peri single carbon atom bridged arenes such as 4H-cyclobuta[jk]phenanthrene (53, 65%) and 3H- cyclobuta[cd]pyrene (59, 86%).
Photolysis of the 1-naphthylmethyl ester of substituted phenylacetic acids: intramolecular charge transfer and rates of decarboxylation of arylacyl radicals
Hilborn, James W.,Pincock, James A.
, p. 992 - 999 (2007/10/02)
The photolysis of esters 6 and 8 in methanol leads to products resulting from both naphthylmethyl cations and radicals.The product distribution is nearly independent of X for the esters 6 except when X equals methoxy.A mechanism involving initial homolytic cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bond in the excited singlet state of the ester is proposed.Competition between electron transfer in the radical pair to form the ion pair and decarboxylation of the arylacyloxy radical allows calculations of the rates of this decarboxylation process.The ρ values versus ? is close to zero.When X equals methoxy, intramolecular electron transfer occurs with the naphthalene ring serving as the acceptor and the methoxyaromatic as the donor.This exciplex fragments to carbon dioxide and 1-(1-naphthyl)-2-arylethane. Key words: acyloxy radical, decarboxylation, photolysis of benzylic esters.
Rates of decarboxylation of acyloxy radicals formed in the photocleavage of substituted 1-naphthylmethyl alkanoates
Hilborn, James W.,Pincock, James A.
, p. 2683 - 2686 (2007/10/02)
Rates of decarboxylation (kCO2R) have been estimated for the acyloxy racicals 7a-f formed in the photolysis of substituted 1-naphthylmethyl 6a-f. These rates are on a mechanism involving initial carbon-oxygen homolytic bond cleavage from the excited singlet state. The products are formed by two competing pathways: electron transfer in the radical pair to give an ion pair and decarboxylation. Measured product yields along with an of the electron-transfer rate (kET) allow calculation of kCO2R as a function of R. The values obtained are the following (R, k (109 s-1)): CH3, 3CH2, 2.0; (CH3)2CH, 6.5; (CH3)3C, 11; PhCH2, 5.0; PhCH2CH2, 2.3.