5935-25-1Relevant articles and documents
Facile synthesis of acid-labile polymers with pendent ortho esters
Cheng, Jing,Ji, Ran,Gao, Shi-Juan,Du, Fu-Sheng,Li, Zi-Chen
experimental part, p. 173 - 179 (2012/04/23)
This work presents a facile approach for preparation of acid-labile and biocompatible polymers with pendent cyclic ortho esters, which is based on the efficient and mild reactions between cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) and hydroxyl groups. Three CKAs, 2-ethylidene-1,3-dioxane (EDO), 2-ethylidene-1,3-dioxolane (EDL), and 2-ethylidene-4- methyl-1,3-dioxolane (EMD) were prepared from the corresponding cyclic vinyl acetals by catalytic isomerization of the double bond. The reaction of CKAs with different alcohols and diols was examined using trace of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. For the monohydroxyl alcohols, cyclic ortho esters were formed by simple addition of the hydroxyl group toward CKAs with ethanol showing a much greater reactivity than iso-propanol. When 1,2- or 1,3-diols were used to react with the CKAs, we observed the isomerized cyclic ortho esters besides the simple addition products. Biocompatible polyols, that is, poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were then modified with CKAs, and the degree of substitution of the pendent ortho esters can be easily tuned by changing feed ratio. Both the small molecule ortho esters and the CKA-modified polymers demonstrate the pH-dependent hydrolysis profiles, which depend also on the chemical structure of the ortho esters as well as the polymer hydrophobicity.
Solid acid catalyzed reactive stripping of impurities formed during the production of 1, 3-propanediol
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Page 4, (2008/06/13)
A process for producing 1,3-propanediol comprising the steps of: a) forming an aqueous solution of 3-hydroxypropanal, b) hydrogenating the 3-hydroxypropanal to form a first crude 1,3-propanediol mixture comprising 1,3-propanediol, water, and MW 132 cyclic acetal, c) distilling the first crude 1,3-propanediol mixture to remove water and low boiling impurities and form a second crude 1,3-propanediol mixture, d) contacting the second crude 1,3-propanediol mixture with a solid acid purifier at a temperature of from about 50 to about 250° C. to convert the MW 132 cyclic acetal to more volatile cyclic acetals, and e) separating the more volatile cyclic acetals from the 1,3-propanediol by distillation or gas stripping.
SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC ACETALS FROM ALDEHYDES AND DIOLS MEDIATED BY BUTYLTIN TRICHLORIDE
Marton, Daniele,Slaviero, Pierangelo,Tagliavini, Giuseppe
, p. 359 - 362 (2007/10/02)
A facile and convenient method for the preparation of cyclic acetals from aldehydes and diols utilizing butyltin trichloride as acid catalyst and dehydrating agent is proposed.Some 2-alkyl-1,3-dioxolanes and -dioxans (alkyl = Et and i-Pr) have been prepared under mild conditions. 2-vinyl-1,3-dioxan has also been produced by transacetalization from acrolein dimethyl acetal and 1,3-propanediol.