6345-08-0Relevant articles and documents
Supporting-Electrolyte-Free Anodic Oxidation of Oxamic Acids into Isocyanates: An Expedient Way to Access Ureas, Carbamates, and Thiocarbamates
Petti, Alessia,Fagnan, Corentin,van Melis, Carlo G. W.,Tanbouza, Nour,Garcia, Anthony D.,Mastrodonato, Andrea,Leech, Matthew C.,Goodall, Iain C. A.,Dobbs, Adrian P.,Ollevier, Thierry,Lam, Kevin
supporting information, p. 2614 - 2621 (2021/06/27)
We report a new electrochemical supporting-electrolyte-free method for synthesizing ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates via the oxidation of oxamic acids. This simple, practical, and phosgene-free route includes the generation of an isocyanate intermediate in situ via anodic decarboxylation of an oxamic acid in the presence of an organic base, followed by the one-pot addition of suitable nucleophiles to afford the corresponding ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates. This procedure is applicable to different amines, alcohols, and thiols. Furthermore, when single-pass continuous electrochemical flow conditions were used and this reaction was run in a carbon graphite Cgr/Cgr flow cell, urea compounds could be obtained in high yields within a residence time of 6 min, unlocking access to substrates that were inaccessible under batch conditions while being easily scalable.
Analogues of the Herbicide, N-Hydroxy- N-isopropyloxamate, Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase and Their Prodrugs Are Promising Anti-TB Drug Leads
Kandale, Ajit,Patel, Khushboo,Hussein, Waleed M.,Wun, Shun Jie,Zheng, Shan,Tan, Lendl,West, Nicholas P.,Schenk, Gerhard,Guddat, Luke W.,McGeary, Ross P.
, p. 1670 - 1684 (2021/02/27)
New drugs to treat tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed to combat the increase in resistance observed among the current first-line and second-line treatments. Here, we propose ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI) as a target for anti-TB drug discovery. Twenty-two analogues of IpOHA, an inhibitor of plant KARI, were evaluated as antimycobacterial agents. The strongest inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) KARI has a Ki value of 19.7 nM, fivefold more potent than IpOHA (Ki = 97.7 nM). This and four other potent analogues are slow- and tight-binding inhibitors of MtKARI. Three compounds were cocrystallized with Staphylococcus aureus KARI and yielded crystals that diffracted to 1.6-2.0 ? resolution. Prodrugs of these compounds possess antimycobacterial activity against H37Rv, a virulent strain of human TB, with the most active compound having an MIC90 of 2.32 ± 0.04 μM. This compound demonstrates a very favorable selectivity window and represents a highly promising lead as an anti-TB agent.
Direct C3 Carbamoylation of 2H-Indazoles
Bhat, Vighneshwar Shridhar,Lee, Anna
supporting information, p. 3382 - 3385 (2021/06/28)
We developed a novel method for direct C3 carbamoylation of 2H-indazoles using oxamic acids as carbamoyl radical sources. In the presence of ammonium persulfate, carbamoyl radicals were generated from oxamic acids, then used for further reactions with 2H-indazoles to afford the desired products. The reaction proceeds under metal- and catalyst-free conditions. This simple process allows for the efficient synthesis of C3 carbamoylated 2H-indazoles, which are important scaffolds in organic synthesis.
Urethanes synthesis from oxamic acids under electrochemical conditions
Ogbu, Ikechukwu Martin,Lusseau, Jonathan,Kurtay, Gülbin,Robert, Frédéric,Landais, Yannick
supporting information, p. 12226 - 12229 (2020/10/26)
Urethane synthesis via oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids under mild electrochemical conditions is reported. This simple phosgene-free route to urethanes involves an in situ generation of isocyanates by anodic oxidation of oxamic acids in an alcoholic medium. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of oxamic acids, including chiral ones, and alcohols furnishing the desired urethanes in a one-pot process without the use of a chemical oxidant.
Application of High-Throughput Competition Experiments in the Development of Aspartate-Directed Site-Selective Modification of Tyrosine Residues in Peptides
Chinn, Alex J.,Hwang, Jaeyeon,Kim, Byoungmoo,Parish, Craig A.,Krska, Shane W.,Miller, Scott J.
, p. 9424 - 9433 (2020/08/14)
Herein we report a Cu-catalyzed, site-selective functionalization of peptides that employs an aspartic acid (Asp) as a native directing motif, which directs the site of O-arylation at a proximal tyrosine (Tyr) residue. Through a series of competition studies conducted in high-throughput reaction arrays, effective conditions were identified that gave high selectivity for the proximal Tyr in Asp-directed Tyr modification. Good levels of site-selectivity were achieved in the O-arylation at a proximal Tyr residue in a number of cases, including a peptide-small molecule hybrid.
Metal-, Photocatalyst-, and Light-Free Direct C-H Acylation and Carbamoylation of Heterocycles
Westwood, Matthew T.,Lamb, Claire J. C.,Sutherland, Daniel R.,Lee, Ai-Lan
supporting information, p. 7119 - 7123 (2019/09/03)
Direct C-H acylations and carbamoylations of heterocycles can now be readily achieved without requiring any conventional metal, photocatalyst, electrocatalysis, or light activation, thus significantly improving on sustainability, costs, toxicity, waste, and simplicity of the operational procedure. These mild conditions are also suitable for gram-scale reactions and late-stage functionalizations of complex molecules, including pharmaceuticals, N,N-ligands, and light-sensitive molecules.
Visible-light photocatalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids: a green route to urethanes and ureas
Pawar, Govind Goroba,Robert, Frédéric,Grau, Etienne,Cramail, Henri,Landais, Yannick
supporting information, p. 9337 - 9340 (2018/08/31)
A sustainable metal-free route to urethanes and ureas based on a photocatalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids is described. The reaction includes in situ generation of an isocyanate from the oxamic acid, using an organic dye as a photocatalyst, a hypervalent iodine reagent as an oxidant and a light source, which trigger the free-radical decarboxylation. This protocol successfully avoids the isolation, purification and storage of carcinogenic isocyanates and allows elaboration of urethanes and ureas in a one-pot process from commercially available sources.
2-Oxoglutarate analogue inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase domain 2
Mecinovic, Jasmin,Loenarz, Christoph,Chowdhury, Rasheduzzaman,Schofield, Christopher J.
supporting information; experimental part, p. 6192 - 6195 (2010/06/13)
Analogues of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate of the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) with variations in the potential iron-chelating group were screened as inhibitors and for binding (using non-denaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) to PHD2.
Inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS3·4A protease. Effect of P4 capping groups on inhibitory potency and pharmacokinetics
Perni, Robert B.,Chandorkar, Gurudatt,Cottrell, Kevin M.,Gates, Cynthia A.,Lin, Chao,Lin, Kai,Luong, Yu-Ping,Maxwell, John P.,Murcko, Mark A.,Pitlik, Janos,Rao, Govinda,Schairer, Wayne C.,Drie, John Van,Wei, Yunyi
, p. 3406 - 3411 (2008/02/08)
Reversible tetrapeptide-based compounds have been shown to effectively inhibit the hepatitis C virus NS3·4A protease. Inhibition of viral replicon RNA production in Huh-7 cells has also been demonstrated. We show herein that the inclusion of hydrogen bond donors on the P4 capping group of tetrapeptide-based inhibitors result in increased binding potency to the NS3·4A protease. The capping groups also impart significant effects on the pharmacokinetic profile of these inhibitors.
First-in-class pan caspase inhibitor developed for the treatment of liver disease
Linton, Steven D.,Aja, Teresa,Armstrong, Robert A.,Bai, Xu,Chen, Long-Shiuh,Chen, Ning,Ching, Brett,Contreras, Patricia,Diaz, Jose-Luis,Fisher, Craig D.,Fritz, Lawrence C.,Gladstone, Patricia,Groessl, Todd,Gu, Xin,Herrmann, Julia,Hirakawa, Brad P.,Hoglen, Niel C.,Jahangiri, Kathy G.,Kalish, Vincent J.,Karanewsky, Donald S.,Kodandapani, Lalitha,Krebs, Joseph,McQuiston, Jeff,Meduna, Steven P.,Nalley, Kip,Robinson, Edward D.,Sayers, Robert O.,Sebring, Kristen,Spada, Alfred P.,Ternansky, Robert J.,Tomaselli, Kevin J.,Ullman, Brett R.,Valentino, Karen L.,Weeks, Suzanne,Winn, David,Wu, Joe C.,Yeo, Pauline,Zhang, Cheng-Zhi
, p. 6779 - 6782 (2007/10/03)
A series of oxamyl dipeptides were optimized for pan caspase inhibition, anti-apoptotic cellular activity and in vivo efficacy. This structure-activity relationship study focused on the P4 oxamides and warhead moieties. Primarily on the basis of in vitro data, inhibitors were selected for study in a murine model of α-Fas-induced liver injury. IDN-6556 (1) was further profiled in additional in vivo models and pharmacokinetic studies. This first-in-class caspase inhibitor is now the subject of two Phase II clinical trials, evaluating its safety and efficacy for use in liver disease.
