642082-80-2

Upstream product

• 3180-76-5 2',3',5'-tri-O-benzoyluridine 
• 30414-00-7 5-(hydroxymethyl)uridine 
• 75-24-1 trimethylaluminum 
• 111582-94-6 1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-5-trimethylsilanyloxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-bromo-4-trimethylsilanyloxy-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 
• 111582-84-4 1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-Bis-trimethylsilanyloxy-5-trimethylsilanyloxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-iodo-4-trimethylsilanyloxy-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 
• 73-97-2 orotate anion 
• 6456-44-6 N-methylnicotineamide iodide 
• 5746-18-9 1-methyl-4-carboxypyridinium chloride 
• 2073-43-0 2',3'-O,O-isopropylidene-5-methyluridine 
• 623-27-8 terephthalaldehyde, 
• 2301-80-6 N-methyl-4-methylpyridinium iodide 
• 87818-00-6 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-5'-O-methoxymethyl-5-methyl-6-phenylthiouridine 
• 103408-64-6 1-((3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-Methoxymethoxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)-5-methyl-6-tributylstannanyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 
• 87817-95-6 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-5'-O-methoxymethyl-5-methyluridine 

Downstream Products

• 124493-84-1 5-methyl-5'-O-(triphenylmethyl)uridine 2',3'-bis(methanesulfonate) 
• 130515-62-7 5'-O-trityl-5-methyl-2',3'-secouridine 
• 104107-66-6 2',3'-di-O-mesyl-5-methyl-5'-O-trityl-2',3'-secouridine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

MODIFIED OLIGOMERIC COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF

The present disclosure provides oligomeric compounds comprising a modified oligonucleotide having at least one stereo-non-standard nucleoside. An oligomeric compound comprising a modified oligonucleotide consisting of 12-30 linked nucleosides, wherein at least one nucleoside of the modified oligonucleotide is a stereo-non-standard nucleoside; and wherein the oligomeric compound is selected from among an RNAi compound, a modified CRISPR compound, and an artificial mRNA compound.

MODIFIED OLIGOMERIC COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF

The present disclosure provides oligomeric compounds comprising a modified oligonucleotide having at least one stereo-non-standard nucleoside.

Thermodynamic Reaction Control of Nucleoside Phosphorolysis

Nucleoside analogs represent a class of important drugs for cancer and antiviral treatments. Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPases) catalyze the phosphorolysis of nucleosides and are widely employed for the synthesis of pentose-1-phosphates and nucleoside analogs, which are difficult to access via conventional synthetic methods. However, for the vast majority of nucleosides, it has been observed that either no or incomplete conversion of the starting materials is achieved in NPase-catalyzed reactions. For some substrates, it has been shown that these reactions are reversible equilibrium reactions that adhere to the law of mass action. In this contribution, we broadly demonstrate that nucleoside phosphorolysis is a thermodynamically controlled endothermic reaction that proceeds to a reaction equilibrium dictated by the substrate-specific equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis, irrespective of the type or amount of NPase used, as shown by several examples. Furthermore, we explored the temperature-dependency of nucleoside phosphorolysis equilibrium states and provide the apparent transformed reaction enthalpy and apparent transformed reaction entropy for 24 nucleosides, confirming that these conversions are thermodynamically controlled endothermic reactions. This data allows calculation of the Gibbs free energy and, consequently, the equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis at any given reaction temperature. Overall, our investigations revealed that pyrimidine nucleosides are generally more susceptible to phosphorolysis than purine nucleosides. The data disclosed in this work allow the accurate prediction of phosphorolysis or transglycosylation yields for a range of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and thus serve to empower further research in the field of nucleoside biocatalysis. (Figure presented.).

Use of nucleoside phosphorylases for the preparation of 5-modified pyrimidine ribonucleosides

Enzymatic transglycosylation, a transfer of the carbohydrate moiety from one heterocyclic base to another, is catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases (NPs) and is being actively developed and applied for the synthesis of biologically important nucleosides. Here, we report an efficient one-step synthesis of 5-substitited pyrimidine ribonucleosides starting from 7-methylguanosine hydroiodide in the presence of nucleoside phosphorylases (NPs).

A short de novo synthesis of nucleoside analogs

Nucleoside analogs are commonly used in the treatment of cancer and viral infections. Their syntheses benefit from decades of research but are often protracted, unamenable to diversification, and reliant on a limited pool of chiral carbohydrate starting materials. We present a process for rapidly constructing nucleoside analogs from simple achiral materials. Using only proline catalysis, heteroaryl-substituted acetaldehydes are fluorinated and then directly engaged in enantioselective aldol reactions in a one-pot reaction. A subsequent intramolecular fluoride displacement reaction provides a functionalized nucleoside analog. The versatility of this process is highlighted in multigram syntheses of D- or L-nucleoside analogs, locked nucleic acids, iminonucleosides, and C2′- and C4′-modified nucleoside analogs. This de novo synthesis creates opportunities for the preparation of diversity libraries and will support efforts in both drug discovery and development.

General Principles for Yield Optimization of Nucleoside Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Transglycosylations

The biocatalytic synthesis of natural and modified nucleosides with nucleoside phosphorylases offers the protecting-group-free direct glycosylation of free nucleobases in transglycosylation reactions. This contribution presents guiding principles for nucleoside phosphorylase-mediated transglycosylations alongside mathematical tools for straightforward yield optimization. We illustrate how product yields in these reactions can easily be estimated and optimized using the equilibrium constants of phosphorolysis of the nucleosides involved. Furthermore, the varying negative effects of phosphate on transglycosylation yields are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally with several examples. Practical considerations for these reactions from a synthetic perspective are presented, as well as freely available tools that serve to facilitate a reliable choice of reaction conditions to achieve maximum product yields in nucleoside transglycosylation reactions.

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF HIGH POTENCY RNA THERAPEUTICS

This invention provides expressible polynucleotides, which can express a target protein or polypeptide. Synthetic mRNA constructs for producing a protein or polypeptide can contain one or more 5′ UTRs, where a 5′ UTR may be expressed by a gene of a plant. In some embodiments, a 5′ UTR may be expressed by a gene of a member of Arabidopsis genus. The synthetic mRNA constructs can be used as pharmaceutical agents for expressing a target protein or polypeptide in vivo.

Identification of Flavin Mononucleotide as a Cell-Active Artificial N6-Methyladenosine RNA Demethylase

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) represents a common and highly dynamic modification in eukaryotic RNA that affects various cellular pathways. Natural dioxygenases such as FTO and ALKBH5 are enzymes that demethylate m6A residues in mRNA. Herein, the first identification of a small-molecule modulator that functions as an artificial m6A demethylase is reported. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), the metabolite produced by riboflavin kinase, mediates substantial photochemical demethylation of m6A residues of RNA in live cells. This study provides a new perspective to the understanding of demethylation of m6A residues in mRNA and sheds light on the development of powerful small molecules as RNA demethylases and new probes for use in RNA biology.

Larger laboratory scale synthesis of 5-methyluridine and formal synthesis of its L-enantiomer

A larger laboratory scale synthesis (>60 g per run) of 5-methyluridine is presented. The critical intermediate 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribofuranose was prepared from very cheap D-glucose via D-allose. Its L-enantiomer was obtained from L-arabinose via L-glucose, and also from L-xylose. {figure presented}.

Effective synthesis of nucleosides utilizing O-acetyl-glycosyl chlorides as glycosyl donors in the absence of catalyst: Mechanism revision and application to silyl-hilbert-johnson reaction

An effective synthesis of nucleosides using glycosyl chlorides as glycosyl donors in the absence of Lewis acid has been developed. Glycosyl chlorides have been shown to be pivotal intermediates in the classical silyl-Hilbert-Johnson reaction. A possible mechanism that differs from the currently accepted mechanism advanced by Vorbrueggen has been proposed and verified by experiments. In practice, this catalyst-free method provides easy access to Capecitabine in high yield.