65-29-2 Usage
Uses
Used in Anesthesia:
Gallamine triethiodide is used as a neuromuscular blocking agent for paralyzing patients locally during anesthetization. This allows for better control and management of the patient's muscle movements during surgery.
Used in Research:
Gallamine triethiodide is used as a relaxant for measuring spinal trigeminal nucleus recordings from single neurons. This helps researchers study the activity of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which is involved in pain processing.
Used in Neuroblastoma Cells:
Gallamine triethiodide is used as an antagonist in neuroblastoma cells, targeting the M2 receptor. This application aids in understanding the role of M2 receptors in neuroblastoma, a type of cancer that forms in nerve tissue.
Used in Retinal Surgery:
Gallamine triethiodide is used to reduce eye movement during retinal surgery in rats. This helps maintain stability and precision during the surgical procedure, improving the chances of a successful outcome.
Originator
Flaxedil,Davis and Geck,US,1951
Manufacturing Process
12.6 grams of pyrogallol are dissolved in 100 cc of hot toluene. 14 grams of
sodamide (85%)are added to the solution at about 100°C in 5 portions over a
period of 15 minutes, with agitation. There are then added with agitation,
over a period of 30 minutes, 100 cc of a toluene solution containing 474
grams of diethylaminochlorethane per liter of toluene.
The mixture is then heated for 1 hour, the toluene being refluxed, whereafter
it is left to cool, 50 cc of water are added and, after decanting, the solution is again washed with two quantities of 50 cc of water. The toluene solution is
dried over potassium carbonate and distilled in vacuo. There is thus obtained
28 grams of 1.2.3-tri-(β-diethylaminoethoxy)benzene, boiling at 206°C under
1 mm pressure.
20 grams of 1.2.3-tri-(β-diethylaminoethoxy)-benzene is heated for 5 hours
under reflux on the water bath with 30 grams of ethyl iodide. The hot mixture
is dissolved in 50 cc of water, filtered after addition of 2 grams of decolorizing
black, evaporated to dryness on the water bath and recrystallized from 120 cc
of alcohol. The product can be further recrystallized in mixtures of acetone
and water.
The triethiodide of 1.2.3-tri-(β-diethylaminoethoxy)-benzene is thus obtained
as white crystals which, after drying, have a rather indefinite melting point at
about 152° to 153°C, (Maquenne block).
Therapeutic Function
Muscle relaxant
Biochem/physiol Actions
Gallamine triethiodide has anti-muscarinic effect. It is a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic receptor. Gallamine is regarded as neuromuscular blocking agent.
Clinical Use
Gallamine Triethiodide is contraindicated in patients with myastheniagravis, and one should remember that its action is cumulative,as with curare. The antidote for gallamine triethiodideis neostigmine.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, parenteral, intraduodenal, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes. Whenheated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NH3, NOx, and Ií.
Synthesis
Gallamine, 1,2,3-tris-(2-triethylaminoethoxy)benzene triiodide, is
synthesized from pyrogallol, the hydroxyl groups of which are esterified by 2-diethylaminoethylchloride
in the presence of sodium amide. The resulting 1,2,3-tris-(2-triethylaminoethoxy)
benzene is further alkylated at all three nitrogen atoms by
ethyliodide, giving gallamine.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 65-29-2 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 6 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 65-29:
(4*6)+(3*5)+(2*2)+(1*9)=52
52 % 10 = 2
So 65-29-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C24H45N3O3/c1-7-25(8-2)16-19-28-22-14-13-15-23(29-20-17-26(9-3)10-4)24(22)30-21-18-27(11-5)12-6/h13-15H,7-12,16-21H2,1-6H3
