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| CAS No.: | 65-29-2 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Gallamine triethiodide |
| Molecular Structure: | |
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| Formula: | C30H60I3N3O3 |
| Molecular Weight: | 891.538 |
| Synonyms: | Ammonium,[v-phenenyltris(oxyethylene)]tris[triethyl-, triiodide (8CI);Ethanaminium,2,2',2''-[1,2,3-benzenetriyltris(oxy)]tris[N,N,N-triethyl-, triiodide (9CI);[v-Phenenyltris(oxyethylene)]tris[triethylammonium iodide] (6CI,7CI);1,2,3-Tri(b-diethylaminoethoxy)benzenetriethiodide;1,2,3-Tris(2-diethylaminoethoxy)benzene triethiodide;1,2,3-Tris(2-diethylaminoethoxy)benzene tris(ethyliodide);1,2,3-Tris(2-triethylammonium ethoxy)benzene triiodide;1,2,3-Tris(diethylaminoethoxy)benzene triethiodide;3697 RP;Benzcurine iodide;F 2559;Flacedil;Flaxedil;Flaxedil iodide;Fourneau 2559;Gallaflex;Gallamintriethiodide;Gallamine iodide;Gallamine triethiodide;Gallaminetriiodoethylate;HL 8583;Miowas G;Parexyl;Pyrogallol1,2,3-(diethylaminoethyl ether) tris(ethyliodide);Pyrolaxon;RP 3697;Relaxan;Remyolan;Retensin;Sincurarine;Syncurarine;Tri(diethylaminoethoxy)-1,2,3-benzene triiodoethylate;Tri(b-diethylaminoethoxy)-1,2,3-benzenetri-iodoethylate; |
| EINECS: | 200-605-1 |
| Density: | 0.983g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 235 ºC (dec.) |
| Boiling Point: | 502.6°C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 125.9°C |
| Solubility: | 100 mg/mL in water |
| Appearance: | White or milky white crystalline powder |
| Hazard Symbols: |
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| Risk Codes: | R22;R36/37/38 |
| Safety: | Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, parenteral, intraduodenal, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NH3, NOx, and I−. See also IODIDES. |
| PSA: | 27.69000 |
| LogP: | -3.53550 |
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Specification
With CAS register number 65-29-2, Gallamine triethiodide is also can be called Tri(beta-diethylaminoethoxy)-1,2,3-benzene triiodoethylate ; Pyrogallol 1,2,3-(diethylaminoethyl ether) tris(ethyl iodide) ; 1,2,3-Tris(2-diethylaminoethoxy)benzene tris(ethyl iodide) and 2-[2,6-Bis(2-triethylazaniumylethoxy)phenoxy]ethyl-triethylazanium triiodide . Gallamine triethiodide ,which was developed by Daniel Bovet in 1947, is storage at 2-8 °C, soluble in water with 100 mg/mL. And it belongs to product categories such as Organics; Cholinergics; Antagonists and so on, it is white or milky white crystalline powder.
Used as a synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug, the actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of tubocurarine, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output.It is also commonly used to stabilize muscle contractions during surgical procedures. Besides, Gallamine triethiodide is a non-depolarising muscle relaxant, which acts by combining with the cholinergic receptor sites in muscle and competitively blocking the transmitter action of acetylcholine. In addition, first make focus of gallic acid, under the action of Sodium acetate , into the salt, and then with Diethylamino ethyl ethane and Iodine ethane to get Gallamine triethiodide.
The Gallamine triethiodide has a parasympatholytic effect on the cardiac vagus nerve which causes tachycardia and occasionally hypertension and very high doses cause histamine release. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. And Gallamine triethiodide is poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, parenteral, intraduodenal, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NH3, NOx, and I-. Furthermore, it is harmful if swallowed and irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. So you should wear suitable protective clothing in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. The toxicity of Gallamine triethiodide as follows:
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chicken | LD50 | intravenous | 600ug/kg (0.6mg/kg) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 122, Pg. 152, 1959. | |
| dog | LD50 | intravenous | 800ug/kg (0.8mg/kg) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 80, Pg. 172, 1949. | |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 10mg/kg (10mg/kg) | PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE) BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 184, Pg. 75, 1970. |
| mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 1800ug/kg (1.8mg/kg) | U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. Vol. NX#01979, | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 425mg/kg (425mg/kg) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 80, Pg. 172, 1949. | |
| mouse | LD50 | parenteral | 1700ug/kg (1.7mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Vol. 7, Pg. 368, 1949. |
| mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 16400ug/kg (16.4mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES | Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 9, Pg. 117, 1975. |
| rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 440ug/kg (0.44mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) | International Journal of Neuropharmacology. Vol. 5, Pg. 305, 1966. |
| rabbit | LD50 | oral | 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 80, Pg. 172, 1949. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | intramuscular | 2mg/kg (2mg/kg) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 80, Pg. 172, 1949. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | subcutaneous | 2mg/kg (2mg/kg) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 80, Pg. 172, 1949. | |
| rat | LD50 | intraduodenal | 380mg/kg (380mg/kg) | Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 180, Pg. 155, 1969. | |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 23200ug/kg (23.2mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 178, 1982. | |
| rat | LD50 | intravenous | 5100ug/kg (5.1mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 178, 1982. | |
| rat | LD50 | oral | > 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 178, 1982. | |
| rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | 28500ug/kg (28.5mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 178, 1982. |