65089-00-1

Upstream product

• 626-43-7 3,5-Dichloroaniline 
• 100-51-6 benzyl alcohol 
• 108-88-3 toluene 
• 43056-21-9 N-benzylidene-3,5-dichloroaniline 
• 100-52-7 benzaldehyde 

Downstream Products

• 1364822-92-3 C₁₉H₁₉Cl₂NO₃ 
• 1427461-87-7 C₁₇H₁₅Cl₂N₃O 
• 65088-74-6 C₂₀H₂₅Cl₂N₂O₃PS 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Benzylic C(sp3)–H Bonds with Anilines

Iron-catalyzed oxidative amination of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds with anilines bearing electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) or electron-donating groups (EDGs) is realized based on simple variations of N-substituents on imidazolium cations in novel ionic Fe(III) complexes. The structural modification of the imidazolium cation resulted in regulation of the redox potential and the catalytic performance of the iron metal center. Using DTBP as oxidant, [HItBu][FeBr4] showed the highest catalytic activity for anilines bearing EWGs, while [HIPym][FeBr4] was more efficient for EDG-substituted anilines. This work provides alternative access to benzylamines with the advantages of both a wide substrate scope and iron catalysis.

Cooperative catalysis of molybdenum with organocatalysts for distribution of products between amines and imines

Multi-amino groups and nitrogen donors compound was discovered as an organocatalyst for N-alkylation of alcohols with amines in the presence of Mo(CO)6. The Mo(CO)6/organocatalyst binary system has shown to be a highly active catalyst for the N-alkylation reaction between alcohols and amines with excellent tolerance of variable starting materials bearing different functional groups. Of particular note, this method possessing a superiority selectivity in the synthesis of N-alkylated amines or imines, which can be controlled by the reaction temperature. The cooperative catalysis mechanism in combination of Mo(CO)6 with organocatalyst was elucidated by control experiments.

Mimicking transition metals in borrowing hydrogen from alcohols

Borrowing hydrogen from alcohols, storing it on a catalyst and subsequent transfer of the hydrogen from the catalyst to anin situgenerated imine is the hallmark of a transition metal mediated catalyticN-alkylation of amines. However, such a borrowing hydrogen mechanism with a transition metal free catalytic system which stores hydrogen molecules in the catalyst backbone is yet to be established. Herein, we demonstrate that a phenalenyl ligand can imitate the role of transition metals in storing and transferring hydrogen molecules leading to borrowing hydrogen mediated alkylation of anilines by alcohols including a wide range of substrate scope. A close inspection of the mechanistic pathway by characterizing several intermediates through various spectroscopic techniques, deuterium labelling experiments, and DFT study concluded that the phenalenyl radical based backbone sequentially adds H+, H˙ and an electron through a dearomatization process which are subsequently used as reducing equivalents to the C-N double bond in a catalytic fashion.

Mechanistic Studies of Hydride Transfer to Imines from a Highly Active and Chemoselective Manganate Catalyst

We introduce a highly active and chemoselective manganese catalyst for the hydrogenation of imines. The catalyst has a large scope, can reduce aldimines and ketimines, and tolerates a variety of functional groups, among them hydrogenation sensitive examples such as an olefin, a ketone, nitriles, nitro groups, and an aryl iodo substituent or a benzyl ether. We could investigate the transfer step between imines and the hydride complex in detail. We found that double deprotonation of the ligand is essential and excess base does not lead to a higher rate in the transfer step. We identified the actual hydrogenation catalyst as a K-Mn-bimetallic species and could obtain a structure of the K-Mn complex formed after hydride transfer by X-ray analysis. NMR experiments indicate that the hydride transfer is a well-defined reaction, which is first order in imine, first order in the bimetallic (K-Mn) hydride, and independent in rate from the concentration of the potassium base. We propose an outer-sphere mechanism in which protons do not seem to be involved in the rate-determining step, leading to a transiently negatively charged nitrogen atom in the substrate which reacts rapidly with HOtBu (2-methylpropan-2-ol) to produce the amine. This is based on several observations, such as no dependency of the reaction rate on the HOtBu concentration, no observable manganese amide complex, and a high reaction constant in a conducted Hammett study. Furthermore, hydrogen transfer of the catalytic cycle was experimentally probed and monitored by NMR with subsequent quantitative regeneration of the catalyst by H2.

Scalable synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines by heterogeneous Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3catalyzed N-alkylation of amines with alcohols

Synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines has been efficiently realized from the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols by means of heterogeneous bimetallic Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3catalyst (0.5?wt % Pt, molar ratio Pt:Sn?=?1:3) through a borrowing hydrogen strategy. The Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3catalyst has exhibited very high catalytic activity towards a wide range of amines and alcohols, and can be conveniently recycled without Pt metal leaching. The present protocol was applied for the synthesis of N-phenylbenzylamine in 96% isolated yield from aniline and benzyl alcohol on a 2.1?kg scale of the substrates, demonstrating its potential applicability for higher-order amine synthesis.

Pd@[nBu4][Br] as a simple catalytic system for N-alkylation reactions with alcohols

Palladium nanoparticles, simply and briefly generated in commercial and cheap onium salts using supercritical carbon dioxide, have been found to be an effective catalytic system for additive free N-alkylation reaction using alcohols via cascade oxidation/condensation/reduction steps.

Rhenium-catalyzed amination of alcohols by hydrogen transfer process

The rhenium heptahydride complex [ReH7(PCy3) 2] was found to be an effective homogeneous catalyst for amination of various alcohols through hydrogen transfer mechanism. Under carbon monoxide atmosphere, a variety of primary and secondary alcohols could directly undergo the CN coupling process.

New Iridium Catalysts for the Selective Alkylation of Amines by Alcohols under Mild Conditions and for the Synthesis of Quinolines by Acceptor-less Dehydrogenative Condensation

A novel family of iridium catalysts stabilised by P,N-ligands have been introduced. The ligands are based on imidazo[1,5-b]pyridazin-7-amines and can be synthesised with a broad variety of substitution patterns. The catalysts were synthesised quantitatively from the protonated ligands and a commercially available iridium precursor. The catalysts mediate the alkylation of amines by alcohols under mild conditions (70 °C). In addition, the synthesis of quinolines from secondary or primary alcohols and amino alcohols is reported. This sustainable synthesis proceeds through the liberation of two equivalents of water and two equivalents of dihydrogen. The investigations indicate that catalysts suitable for hydrogen autotransfer or borrowing hydrogen chemistry might also be suitable for acceptor-less dehydrogenative condensation reactions. Your H or mine? A family of catalysts that mediate the alkylation of amines by alcohols under mild conditions are introduced (see scheme; HA=hydrogen autotransfer, BH=borrowing hydrogen, ADC=acceptor-less dehydrogenative condensation). The efficient synthesis of quinolines from alcohols and amino alcohols through the liberation of two equivalents of dihydrogen is also mediated by this catalyst family.

Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3-catalyzed highly efficient direct synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines and imines

Versatile syntheses of secondary and tertiary amines by highly efficient direct N-alkylation of primary and secondary amines with alcohols or by deaminative self-coupling of primary amines have been successfully realized by means of a heterogeneous bimetallic Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3 catalyst (0.5 wt % Pt, Pt/Sn molar ratio=1:3) through a borrowing-hydrogen strategy. In the presence of oxygen, imines were also efficiently prepared from the tandem reactions of amines with alcohols or between two primary amines. The proposed mechanism reveals that an alcohol or amine substrate is initially dehydrogenated to an aldehyde/ketone or NH-imine with concomitant formation of a [PtSn] hydride. Condensation of the aldehyde/ketone species or deamination of the NH-imine intermediate with another molecule of amine forms an N-substituted imine which is then reduced to a new amine product by the in-situ generated [PtSn] hydride under a nitrogen atmosphere or remains unchanged as the final product under an oxygen atmosphere. The Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O 3 catalyst can be easily recycled without Pt metal leaching and has exhibited very high catalytic activity toward a wide range of amine and alcohol substrates, which suggests potential for application in the direct production of secondary and tertiary amines and N-substituted imines.

New iridium catalysts for the efficient alkylation of anilines by alcohols under mild conditions

The synthesis of eight new iridium complexes containing anionic P,N ligands is described. These complexes have been investigated as catalysts for amine alkylation reactions, resulting in a highly active catalyst for the selective monoalkylation of anilines with primary alcohols, under mild reaction conditions. Nearly quantitative conversion was observed at 70 °C with a catalyst loading as low as 0.05 mol % iridium. Selective amine alkylation: The synthesis of eight new iridium complexes containing anionic P,N ligands (see image) is described. These new complexes were used as highly active catalysts for the selective monoalkylation of anilines with primary alcohols, and gave nearly quantitative conversion under mild reaction conditions.