652-31-3

Usage

Chemical Properties

white crystalline powder

InChI:InChI=1/C7H2F5NO/c8-2-1(7(13)14)3(9)5(11)6(12)4(2)10/h(H2,13,14)

Upstream product

• 2251-50-5 pentafluorobenzoylchloride 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 361448-17-1 3-pentafluorobenzoylamino-4-methylfurazan 
• 773-82-0 Pentafluorobenzonitrile 
• 108-91-8 cyclohexylamine 
• 921194-46-9 4-isopropoxy-3-vinylaniline 
• 653-37-2 perfluorobenzaldehyde 
• 27318-28-1 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzaldehyde oxime 
• 20925-85-3 pentachlorobenzonitrile 
• 344-04-7 bromopentafluorobenzene 
• 344-07-0 1-chloro-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene 
• 827-15-6 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-iodobenzene 
• 602-94-8 Pentafluorobenzoic acid 
• 499099-69-3 6-pentafluorophenyl-1,3,2,4,5-dioxadithiazine-2,2,4,4-tetroxide 

Downstream Products

• 14560-21-5 N-tris(pentafluorobenzyl)-B-trichloroborazine 
• 1548-77-2 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylamine 
• 773-82-0 Pentafluorobenzonitrile 
• 122616-98-2 4-azidotetrafluorobenzamide 
• 73750-50-2 N,N-dichloropentafluorobenzamide 
• 345937-19-1 (1,3-Dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-pentafluorophenyl-methanone 
• 81110-96-5 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluoro-N-(3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-isobenzofuran-1-yl)-benzamide 
• 1548-74-9 4-amino-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzamide 
• 28293-53-0 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluorobenzamide 
• 16582-94-8 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzamide 
• 73750-53-5 S,S-dichloro-N-pentafluorobenzoylsulphimine 
• 73750-54-6 Se,Se-dichloro-N-pentafluorobenzoylselenoimine 
• 122590-80-1 2-amino-4-azido-3,5,6-trifluorobenzamide 
• 126695-79-2 4-Amino-2,3,5-trifluoro-6-nitro-benzoic acid methyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Catalyst-Free Hydrodefluorination of Perfluoroarenes with NaBH4

Presented is an economical means of removing fluorine from various highly fluorinated arenes using NaBH4. The procedure was adapted for different classes of perfluoroarenes. A novel isomer of an emerging class of organic dyes based on the carbazole phthalonitrile motif was succinctly synthesized in two steps from tetrafluorophthalonitrile, demonstrating the utility of the hydrodefluorination procedure. Initial exploration of the dye shows it to be photoactive and capable of facilitating contrathermodynamic styrenoid E/Z isomerization.

Directed synthesis of fluorine containing 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxathiine derivatives from polyfluoroarenes

Polyfluorinated 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]oxathiines were synthesized starting from monosubstituted hexafluorobenzenes and 2-mercaptoethanol via aromatic nucleophilic substitution of fluorine atoms in good yields. The reactions take place under mild reaction conditions and require readily available starting materials. The possibility of structural modifications of the obtained heterocycles through interaction with phenylethylamine and potassium methylate was demonstrated.

Mn(i) organometallics containing the iPr2P(CH2)2PiPr2 ligand for the catalytic hydration of aromatic nitriles

The first example of a homogeneous hydration of aromatic nitriles catalyzed by manganese molecular compounds is reported. The Mn(i) organometallics fac-[(CO)3Mn(dippe)(Z)]1-nX1-n (n = 0, 1; Z = Br, OTf, PhCN; X = OTf) were synthesized and characterized, and their reactivity was studied. The species fac-[(CO)3Mn(dippe)(OTf)] (2) was used as a catalyst precursor for the selective hydration of benchmark benzonitrile (2 mol% 2, THF/H2O 1:2 v/v, 18 h, 100 °C) to produce benzamide in 90% isolated yield. A series of (hetero)aromatic nitriles were hydrated to synthesize the corresponding amides in very good to excellent yields (88-94%). Isotopic labeling studies accounted for a proton transfer as the rate-determining step.

Phosphinous Acid-Assisted Hydration of Nitriles: Understanding the Controversial Reactivity of Osmium and Ruthenium Catalysts

The synthesis and catalytic behavior of the osmium(II) complexes [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PR2OH)] [R=Me (2 a), Ph (2 b), OMe (2 c), OPh (2 d)] in nitrile hydration reactions is presented. Among them, the best catalytic results were obtained with the phosphinous acid derivative [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PMe2OH)] (2 a), which selectively provided the desired primary amides in excellent yields and short times at 80 °C, employing directly water as solvent, and without the assistance of any basic additive (TOF values up to 200 h?1). The process was successful with aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, and α,β-unsaturated organonitriles, and showed a high functional group tolerance. Indeed, complex 2 a represents the most active and versatile osmium-based catalyst for the hydration of nitriles reported so far in the literature. In addition, it exhibits a catalytic performance similar to that of its ruthenium analogue [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PMe2OH)] (4). However, when compared to 4, the osmium complex 2 a turned out to be faster in the hydration of less-reactive aliphatic nitriles, whereas the opposite trend was generally observed with aromatic substrates. DFT calculations suggest that these differences in reactivity are mainly related to the ring strain associated with the key intermediate in the catalytic cycle, that is, a five-membered metallacyclic species generated by intramolecular addition of the hydroxyl group of the phosphinous acid ligand to the metal-coordinated nitrile.

Synthesis and catalytic applications of ruthenium(ii)-phosphino-oxime complexes

In this work, the preparation of the first ruthenium complexes containing a phosphino-oxime ligand is presented. Thus, the reaction of cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] (3) with 2.4 equivalents of 2-Ph2PC6H4CH=NOH (1) in refluxing THF led to the clean formation of the octahedral ruthenium(ii) derivative cis,cis,trans-[RuCl2{κ2-(P,N)-2-Ph2PC6H4CH=NOH}2] (5), whose structure was unambiguously confirmed by means of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Complex 5 could also be synthesized from the reaction of the dimer [{RuCl(μ-Cl)(η6-p-cymene)}2] (4) with an excess of 1 in refluxing toluene. Treatment of 4 with 2 equivalents of 1, in CH2Cl2 at r.t., allowed also the preparation of the half-sandwich Ru(ii) derivative [RuCl{κ2-(P,N)-2-Ph2PC6H4CH=NOH}(η6-p-cymene)][PF6] (6). In addition, complexes 5 and 6 proved to be active catalysts for the rearrangement of aldoximes to primary amides, as well as for the α-alkylation/reduction of acetophenones with primary alcohols, with the former showing the best performances in both processes.

A mild hydration of nitriles catalysed by copper(ii) acetate

A simple, mild and general procedure for the hydration of nitriles to amides using copper as catalyst and promoted by N,N-diethylhydroxylamine is described. The reaction can be conducted in water at low temperature in short reaction times. This new procedure allows amides to be obtained from a wide range of substrates in excellent yields.

Chlorophosphines as auxiliary ligands in ruthenium-catalyzed nitrile hydration reactions: Application to the preparation of β-ketoamides

The catalytic hydration of nitriles into amides, in water under neutral conditions, has been studied using a series of arene-ruthenium(ii) complexes containing commercially available chlorophosphines as auxiliary ligands, i.e. compounds [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene)(PR2Cl)] (R = aryl, heteroaryl or alkyl group). In the reaction medium, the coordinated chlorophosphines readily undergo hydrolysis to generate the corresponding phosphinous acids PR2OH, which are well-known "cooperative" ligands for this catalytic transformation. Among the complexes employed, best results were obtained with [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene){P(4-C6H4F)2Cl}]. Performing the catalytic reactions at 40 °C with 2 mol% of this complex, a large variety of organonitriles could be selectively converted into the corresponding primary amides in high yields and relatively short times. The application of [RuCl2(η6-p-cymene){P(4-C6H4F)2Cl}] in the preparation of synthetically useful β-ketoamides is also presented.

Bis(allyl)-ruthenium(IV) complexes with phosphinous acid ligands as catalysts for nitrile hydration reactions

Several mononuclear ruthenium(iv) complexes with phosphinous acid ligands [RuCl2(η3:η3-C10H16)(PR2OH)] have been synthesized (78-86% yield) by treatment of the dimeric precursor [{RuCl(μ-Cl)(η3:η3-C10H16)}2] (C10H16 = 2,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,8-diyl) with 2 equivalents of different aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic secondary phosphine oxides R2P(O)H. The compounds [RuCl2(η3:η3-C10H16)(PR2OH)] could also be prepared, in similar yields, by hydrolysis of the P-Cl bond in the corresponding chlorophosphine-Ru(iv) derivatives [RuCl2(η3:η3-C10H16)(PR2Cl)]. In addition to NMR and IR data, the X-ray crystal structures of representative examples are discussed. Moreover, the catalytic behaviour of complexes [RuCl2(η3:η3-C10H16)(PR2OH)] has been investigated for the selective hydration of organonitriles in water. The best results were achieved with the complex [RuCl2(η3:η3-C10H16)(PMe2OH)], which proved to be active under mild conditions (60 °C), with low metal loadings (1 mol%), and showing good functional group tolerance.

Palladium(II) complexes with a phosphino-oxime ligand: Synthesis, structure and applications to the catalytic rearrangement and dehydration of aldoximes

The treatment of [PdCl2(COD)] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with 1 and 2 equivalents of 2-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde oxime in dichloromethane at room temperature led to the selective formation of [PdCl2{κ2-(P,N)-2-Ph2PC6H4CHNOH}] (1) and [Pd{κ2-(P,N)-2-Ph2PC6H4CHNOH}2][Cl]2 (2), respectively, which represent the first examples of Pd(II) complexes containing a phosphino-oxime ligand. These compounds, whose structures were fully confirmed by X-ray diffraction methods, were active in the catalytic rearrangement of aldoximes. In particular, using 5 mol% complex 1, a large variety of aldoximes could be cleanly converted into the corresponding primary amides at 100 °C, employing water as solvent and without the assistance of any cocatalyst. Palladium nanoparticles are the active species in the rearrangement process. In addition, when the same reactions were performed employing acetonitrile as solvent, selective dehydration of the aldoximes to form the respective nitriles was observed. For comparative purposes, the catalytic behaviour of an oxime-derived palladacyclic complex has also been briefly evaluated.

Hydration of nitriles to amides by a chitin-supported ruthenium catalyst

Chitin-supported ruthenium (Ru/chitin) promotes the hydration of nitriles to carboxamides under aqueous conditions. The nitrile hydration can be performed on a gram-scale and is compatible with the presence of various functional groups including olefins, aldehydes, carboxylic esters and nitro and benzyloxycarbonyl groups. The Ru/chitin catalyst is easily prepared from commercially available chitin, ruthenium(III) chloride and sodium borohydride. Analysis of Ru/chitin by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicates the presence of ruthenium nanoparticles on the chitin support.