65679-81-4

Upstream product

• 1204-93-9 2-(dipropoxymethyl)furan 
• 98-01-1 furfural 
• 71-23-8 propan-1-ol 
• 98-00-0 (2-furyl)methyl alcohol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Indium(III) triflate promoted synthesis of alkyl levulinates from furyl alcohols and furyl aldehydes

A facile protocol for the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol into levulinate esters has been developed employing low catalyst loadings of indium(III) triflate. This method provides a rapid and efficient route for the synthesis of these useful materials. The alcoholysis reactions of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural and furfural dimethylacetal were also investigated under these reaction conditions.

Facile synthesis of furfuryl ethyl ether in high yield: Via the reductive etherification of furfural in ethanol over Pd/C under mild conditions

The one-pot synthesis of furfuryl ethyl ether (FEE) over Pd nanoparticles supported on TiO2, Al2O3, SiO2, and active carbon via the catalytic reductive etherification of furfural in ethanol was systematically studied. The Pd nanoparticles supported on SiO2, TiO2 and active carbon are all active for this novel process under mild reaction conditions, with Pd/C showing the highest selectivity to FEE. The effects of palladium loading, reaction temperature, and hydrogen pressure on the activity and selectivity of Pd/C have been investigated in detail. The results demonstrate that suitable Pd amount, low reaction temperature of about 60 °C, and low H2 pressure of about 0.3 MPa are favorable for the formation of the desired ether product. Under the optimized conditions, an unprecedented high yield of up to 81% of FEE was firstly obtained with the major by-products being furfuryl alcohol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Compared with the conventional hydrogenation-etherification route via furfural alcohol as a reaction intermediate, the reductive etherification shows significant advantage in product yield because of its much lower reaction temperature that is required.

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol by using Ultrasmall Rh Nanoparticles Embedded on Diamine-Functionalized KIT-6

A Rh/ED-KIT-6 catalyst comprised of Rh nanoparticles embedded on mesoporous silica (KIT-6) functionalized with N1-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine was synthesized by Rh3+ adsorption and chemical reduction in the liquid phase. The structure of ED-KIT-6 and textural properties of the pristine and supported Rh catalysts, as well as particle size and chemical state of the Rh species were examined by various analytical methods. The homogeneous dispersion of ultrasmall Rh nanoparticles, approximately 1.2 nm in size, stabilized by the grafted diamine (ED) species was confirmed. Rh/ED-KIT-6 was applied to the transfer hydrogenation of furfural (FFR) to furfuryl alcohol (FAL) by using formic acid (FA) as the hydrogen source. The effect of the solvent and reaction parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, and FA/FFR ratio, were investigated. The Rh-embedded catalyst exhibited a significantly high turnover frequency (TOF≈204 h?1) to that of Ru, Pd, or Ni-based catalysts on KIT-6. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed after examining an independent FA decomposition reaction over the same Rh-ED-KIT-6 catalyst. The heterogeneity of the catalyst was verified by a hot filtration experiment. The Rh/ED-KIT-6 could be reused for up to three cycles without any decrease in catalytic activity and selectivity, but the slow oxidation of Rh species was detected.

Antiknock properties of furfural derivatives

Preparative amounts of furfuryl alcohol ethers and furfural acetals were prepared from renewable vegetable raw materials. The blending reseach octane numbers of mixing of furan derivatives in straight-run gasoline were estimated: butyl furfuryl ether, 97.8 ± 7; propyl furfuryl ether, 112 ± 6; furfural diethyl acetal, 105 ± 6, furfural ethylene glycol acetal, 108 ± 7; furfurylamine, 194 ± 4. These results demonstrate prospects for using furan derivatives as available biofuels.

Effect of hydrogen donor on liquid phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural over a Ru/RuO2/C catalyst

The effect of alcohol hydrogen donor on methyl furan production through catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural in the liquid phase has been investigated over a mildly calcined Ru/C catalyst in the temperature range of 110-200 °C. It has been found that several parameters contribute to furfural hydrogenolysis, including alcohol dehydrogenation activity, solvent properties, as well as side reactions such as etherification between the intermediate, furfuryl alcohol, and the hydrogen donor. Methyl furan yield increases from 0 to 68% at 180 °C following the order of 2-methyl-2-butanol tert-butanol ethanol 1-propanol ～ 1-butanol 2-propanol 2-butanol ～ 2-pentanol, which correlates well with the alcohol dehydrogenation activity. In ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and 2-pentanol, furfuryl alcohol hydrogenolysis to methyl furan is significantly retarded at low temperatures due to furfuryl alcohol etherification with the corresponding alcohol solvent. We find that methyl furan yield decreases with increasing alcohol polarity. An optimum methyl furan yield of 76% is attained after 10 h of reaction at 180 °C, using 2-butanol and 2-pentanol as hydrogen donors. This is the highest reported yield in the liquid phase at temperatures below 200 °C.

Action of boron trifluoride etherate and stannic chloride on heterocyclic aromatic acetals

Twelve heterocyclic aromatic acetals (1a-12a) have been synthesised and their reactions with Lewis acids, viz. boron trifluoride etherate (BTE) and stannic chloride (STC) have been studied.The acetals yield ethers, esters and aldehydes with BTE, but only esters and aldehydes with STC.Interestingly, pyridine-2-aldehyde acetal (12a), yields aldehyde alone, that too in low yield.Probable mechanisms have been suggested for the product formation.