65857-78-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Characterization of a fungal thioesterase having claisen cyclase and deacetylase activities in melanin biosynthesis
Vagstad, Anna L.,Hill, Eric A.,Labonte, Jason W.,Townsend, Craig A.
, p. 1525 - 1534 (2013/02/25)
Melanins are a broad class of darkly pigmented macromolecules formed by oxidative polymerization of phenolic monomers. In fungi, melanins are known virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity. Their biosynthesis generally involves polymerization of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene via a 1,3,6,8- tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN) precursor assembled by multidomain, nonreducing polyketide synthases. Convergent routes to THN have evolved in fungi. Parallel heptaketide and hexaketide pathways exist that utilize conventional C-terminal thioesterase/Claisen cyclase domains and separate side-chain deacylases. Here, in vitro characterization of Pks1 from Colletotrichum lagenarium establishes a true THN synthase with a bifunctional thioesterase (TE) catalyzing both cyclization and deacetylation of an enzyme-bound hexaketide substrate. Chimeric TE domains were generated by swapping lid regions of active sites between classes of melanin TEs to gain insight into this unprecedented catalysis of carbon-carbon bond making and breaking by an α/β-hydrolase fold enzyme.
Mechanistic studies on the biomimetic reduction of tetrahydroxynaphthalene, a key intermediate in melanin biosynthesis
Ichinose,Ebizuka,Sankawa
, p. 192 - 196 (2007/10/03)
1,3,6,8-Tetrahydroxynaphthalene (T4HN) is an aromatic polyketide, serving as a general precursor of fungal melanin. Melanin biosynthesis involves two consecutive deoxygenations of T4HN, consisting of the reduction of a phenolic carbon followed by dehydrat
DEOXYGENATION IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF POLYKETIDES: MECHANISM OF BIOMIMETIC REDUCTION OF TETRAHYDROXYNAPHTHALENE
Ichinose, Koji,Ebizuka, Yutaka,Sankawa, Ushio
, p. 2873 - 2875 (2007/10/02)
A biomimetic synthesis of scytalone, a simple derivative of tetralone, was reinvestigeted using NMR spectroscopy.Scytalone was formed from 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (1,3,6,8-THN) by sodium borohydride reduction only in the presence of sodium methoxi
Synthesis of Bikaverin
Katagiri, Nobuya,Nakano, Jun,Kato, Tetsuzo
, p. 2710 - 2716 (2007/10/02)
The total synthesis of bikaverin (1b) is described, from everninic acid (5) and 3,5-dihydrobenzoic acid (6).Dieckmann condensation of methyl 2-acetyl-3,5-bis(benzyloxy)phenylacetate (14), synthesised from (6), followed by treatment with protected everninic acid chloride (9) gave 1,3-bisbenzyloxy-6,8-bis(2-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzyloxy)naphthalene (16).Photoinduced Fries rearrangement of (16) afforded 1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-7-(2-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoyl)-6-(2-benzyloxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoyloxy)-8-hydroxynaphthalene (23).Ring closure of (23) with tetramethylammonium hydroxide in pyridine gave the angular benzoxanthene, 1,3-bis(benzyloxy-6-hydroxy)-10-methoxy-8-methylbenzoxanthen-7-one (25), which was oxidized with potassium dichromate to give the orthoquinone, 1,3-bis(benzyloxy)-10-methoxy-8-methylbenzoxanthen-5,6,7-trione (28).By a novel type of rearrangement, (28) was transformed into the linear benzoxanthen, 8,10-bis(benzyloxy)-3-methoxy-1-methylbenzoxanthen-6,11,12-trione (29) by treatment with silica gel.Oxidation and debenzylation of (29) with manganese dioxide in concentrated H2SO4 gave norbikaverin (1a).
