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• 603-76-9 1-methylindole 
• 76-09-5 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butane diol 
• 55718-76-8 2-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole 
• 25015-63-8 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]-dioxaboralane 
• 73183-34-3 bis(pinacol)diborane 
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• 54880-07-8 9-methyl-9H-dibenzo[a,c]carbazole 
• 24662-37-1 1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile 
• 1263875-74-6 3-(2-bromophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole 
• 603-76-9 1-methylindole 
• 60680-97-9 1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbonitrile 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Metal-Free Arene and Heteroarene Borylation Catalyzed by Strongly Electrophilic Bis-boranes

The geminal chelate bis-borylalkanes 4 and 5 featuring strongly electrophilic B(C6F5)2 and B(C6F5) groups, respectively, serve as efficient catalysts for the borylation of arenes and heteroarenes. The

Benzoic Acid-Promoted C2-H Borylation of Indoles with Pinacolborane

A benzoic acid-promoted C2-H borylation of indoles with pinacolborane to afford C2-borylated indoles is developed. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate BH3-related borane species formed via the decomposition of pinacolborane to be the probable catalyst. This transformation provides a prompt route toward the synthesis of diverse C2-functionalized indoles.

Preparation method of benzoheterocyclic-3-boric acid

The invention discloses a preparation method of benzoheterocycle-3-boric acid, and belongs to the technical field of organic boric acid chemistry. The method comprises the following steps: starting from benzoheterocycle, carrying out selective Friedel-Crafts reaction on benzoheterocycle and boron trihalide in the presence of a catalyst, and carrying out hydrolyzing to obtain benzoheterocycle-3-boric acid. According to the method, proper catalysts and reaction conditions are selected, boric acid is obtained after high-selectivity positioning and hydrolysis are conducted on the heterocycle 3 position, and the benzoheterocycle-3-boric acid is obtained after purification by means of the property difference of the boric acid on the 2 position and the boric acid on the 3 position. The method provides a simple synthesis path for benzoheterocycle-3-boric acid, and has the advantages of high yield and easy isomer purification.

Zinc catalysed C3-H borylation of indoles and 1,1-diboration of terminal alkynes

A low catalyst loading Zn(OTf)2-catalysed C3-H borylation of indoles with pinacolborane was developed. This transformation represents the use of an abundant, cheap and environmentally benign zinc catalyst in catalytic direct aromatic C-H borylation and offers a simple and prompt route towards the synthesis of C3-borylated indoles. The 1,1-diboration of terminal alkynes was also achieved using the same catalytic system to produce 1,1-diborylated alkenes.

Organophosphorus-catalyzed relay oxidation of H-Bpin: electrophilic C-H borylation of heteroarenes

A nontrigonal phosphorus triamide (1, P{N[o-NMe-C6H4]2}) is shown to catalyze C-H borylation of electron-rich heteroarenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) in the presence of a mild chloroalkane reagent. C-H borylation proceeds for a range of electron-rich heterocycles including pyrroles, indoles, and thiophenes of varied substitution. Mechanistic studies implicate an initial P-N cooperative activation of HBpin by1to giveP-hydrido diazaphospholene2, which is diverted by Atherton-Todd oxidation with chloroalkane to generateP-chloro diazaphospholene3. DFT calculations suggest subsequent oxidation of pinacolborane by3generates chloropinacolborane (ClBpin) as a transient electrophilic borylating species, consistent with observed substituent effects and regiochemical outcomes. These results illustrate the targeted diversion of established reaction pathways in organophosphorus catalysis to enable a new mode of main group-catalyzed C-H borylation.

Zinc catalysed electrophilic C-H borylation of heteroarenes

Cationic zinc Lewis acids catalyse the C-H borylation of heteroarenes using pinacol borane (HBPin) or catechol borane (HBCat). An electrophile derived from [IDippZnEt][B(C6F5)4] (IDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) combined withN,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT) proved the most active in terms of C-H borylation scope and yield. Using this combination weakly activated heteroarenes, such as thiophene, were amenable to catalytic C-H borylation using HBCat. Competition reactions show these IDipp-zinc cations are highly oxophilic but less hydridophilic (relative to B(C6F5)3), and that borylation proceedsviaactivation of the hydroborane (and not the heteroarene) by a zinc electrophile. Based on DFT calculations this activation is proposed to proceed by coordination of a hydroborane oxygen to the zinc centre to generate a boron electrophile that effects C-H borylation. Thus, Lewis acid binding to oxygen sites of hydroboranes represents an under-developed route to access reactive borenium-type electrophiles for C-H borylation.

Alkylammoniotrifluoroborate functionalized polystyrenes: Polymeric pre-catalysts for the metal-free borylation of heteroarenes

Three polymeric versions of ansa-N,N-dialkylammoniumtrifluoroborate ambiphilic molecules based on the styrene motif (poly(1-NMe2H+-2-BF3--4-styrene) (P-Me), poly(1-NEt2H+-2-BF3--4-styrene) (P-Et) and poly(1-piperidinyl-H+-2-BF3--4-styrene) (P-Pip)) were synthesized, characterized and tested as heterogeneous pre-catalysts for the borylation of electron-rich heteroarenes. These heterogeneous versions of previously reported pre-catalysts show similar reactivity patterns and represent the first examples of solid-supported FLP metal-free catalysts for the C-H borylation of heteroarenes.

Isodesmic C-H Borylation: Perspectives and Proof of Concept of Transfer Borylation Catalysis

The potential advantages of using arylboronic esters as boron sources in C-H borylation are discussed. The concept is showcased using commercially available 2-mercaptopyridine as a metal-free catalyst for the transfer borylation of heteroarenes using arylboronates as borylation agents. The catalysis shows a unique functional group tolerance among C-H borylation reactions, tolerating notably terminal alkene and alkyne functional groups. The mechanistic investigation is also described.

Practical and Scalable Synthesis of Borylated Heterocycles Using Bench-Stable Precursors of Metal-Free Lewis Pair Catalysts

A practical and scalable metal-free catalytic method for the borylation and borylative dearomatization of heteroarenes has been developed. This synthetic method uses inexpensive and conveniently synthesizable bench-stable precatalysts of the form 1-NHR2-2-BF3-C6H4, commercially and synthetically accessible heteroarenes as substrates, and pinacolborane as the borylation reagent. The preparation of several borylated heterocycles on 2 and 50 g scales was achieved under solvent-free conditions without the use of Schlenk techniques or a glovebox. A kilogram-scale borylation of one of the heteroarene substrates was also achieved using this cost-effective green methodology to exemplify the fact that our methodology can be conveniently implemented in fine chemical industries.

Ir-Catalyzed Intramolecular Transannulation/C(sp2)-H Amination of 1,2,3,4-Tetrazoles by Electrocyclization

An efficient strategy for the intramolecular denitrogenative transannulation/C(sp2)-H amination of 1,2,3,4-tetrazoles bearing C8-substituted arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes is described. The process involves the generation of the metal-nitrene intermediate from tetrazole by the combination of [CpIrCl2]2 and AgSbF6. It has been shown that the reaction proceeds via an unprecedented electrocyclization process. The method has been successfully applied for the synthesis of a diverse array of α-carbolines and 7-azaindoles.