69-05-6 Usage
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Quinacrine dihydrochloride is used as an antimalarial drug for the prevention and therapy of malaria, although it is rarely used today. It was the primary drug for malaria treatment during World War II.
Used in Amebiasis Treatment:
Quinacrine dihydrochloride is used as an antiprotozoal agent for treating amebiasis.
Used in Combination Therapy for Malaria:
In treating resistant forms of malaria, quinacrine dihydrochloride is used in combination with tetracycline, pyrimethamine, sulfonamides, sulfones, and dapsone.
Used in Leprosy Treatment:
Dapsone, often used in combination with pyrimethamine, is widely used for treating leprosy.
Used in Research and Diagnostics:
Quinacrine dihydrochloride is used in various applications such as:
A non-specific PLA2 inhibitor for studying the inhibition of phospholipase A2 enzymes.
An acetylcholine receptor antagonist for investigating the effects on acetylcholine receptors.
In its uptake and accumulation studies in mouse lung slices using fluorescence microscopy.
In the staining of ATP vesicles in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
In uptake-release assays for characterizing the functionality of platelet dense granules.
Indications
Quinacrine is no longer used extensively as an antimalarial
drug and has been largely replaced by the 4-
aminoquinolines.
Antimicrobial activity
Mepacrine is active against the asexual erythrocytic stage of
all four Plasmodium spp. that infect humans and the gametocytes
of P. vivax and P. malariae. The enantiomers have equal
antimalarial activity. It exhibits broad activity
in experimental
models against T. cruzi, Leishmania spp., E. histolytica,
Trichomonas vaginalis, G. lamblia and Blastocystis hominis. It is
also active against tapeworms.
Acquired resistance
The structural resemblance to chloroquine suggests the likelihood
of cross-resistance with that drug, but evidence for this
is equivocal.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
QUINACRINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE is an acidic salt of an amine. React as a weak acid to neutralize bases.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for QUINACRINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE are not available, but QUINACRINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE is probably combustible.
Pharmaceutical Applications
A synthetic acridine derivative, formulated as the hydrochloride
for oral use.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Target IC50: 4.4 μM in suppressing glibenclamide-sensitive K+-currents
Pharmacokinetics
Oral absorption: Good
Cmax 100 mg oral: 50 μg/L after 1–3 h
Plasma half-life: 5 days
Plasma protein binding: 85%
There is extensive tissue binding and a six-fold concentration into
leukocytes from plasma. About 10% of the daily dose is excreted
in the urine. It is widely distributed throughout the body.
Clinical Use
Giardiasis
Prophylaxis of malaria
Tapeworm infections
Side effects
Dizziness, headache and gastric problems are common.
Toxic psychoses, bone marrow depression, yellow skin and
exfoliative dermatitis are described. Poor toleration is noted,
especially
in children. It should not be used in combination
with 8-aminoquinolines.
Synthesis
Quinacrine, 6-chloro-9-(4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamino)-2-methoxyacridine (37.1.4.3), is synthesized from 6,9-dichloro-2-methoxyacridine (37.1.4.2) and
aforementioned 4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamine (37.1.1.2). The 6,9-dichloro-
2-methoxyacridine (37.1.4.2) necessary for the synthesis is made in two stages. The initial
reaction of 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid and p-anizidine in the presence of copper dust and
potassium carbonate gives 2-(4-methoxyanilino)-4-chlorobenzoic acid (37.1.4.1), which
upon reaction with phosphorus oxychloride turns into the necessary 6,9-dichloro-
2-methoxyacridine (37.1.4.2).
Purification Methods
It crystallises from H2O (solubility is 2.8% at room temperature) as yellow crystals. It is slightly soluble in MeOH and EtOH. The free base crystallises from Me2CO or pet ether with m 86-88o, or aqueous EtOH with 85-87.5o. The bismethiodide has m 224o (from MeOH/EtOAc/Et3N), and the picrate has m 207-208o(dec) when crystallised from Me2CO/EtOH. It is an antimalarial, antiprotozoal and intercalates DNA. [Wolfe Antibiot 3 (Springer-Verlag) 203 1975, Beilstein 22 III/IV 6247, 22/12 V 235.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 69-05-6 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 6 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 69-05:
(4*6)+(3*9)+(2*0)+(1*5)=56
56 % 10 = 6
So 69-05-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C23H30ClN3O.2ClH/c1-5-27(6-2)13-7-8-16(3)25-23-19-11-9-17(24)14-22(19)26-21-12-10-18(28-4)15-20(21)23;;/h9-12,14-16H,5-8,13H2,1-4H3,(H,25,26);2*1H
