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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Sterically enhanced 2-iminopyridylpalladium chlorides as recyclable ppm-palladium catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling in aqueous solution

Sterically hindered 2-iminopyridine derivatives and their palladium chlorides complexes are designed and prepared, which efficiently promote the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (SMC) reaction in aqueous solution. Besides the good to excellent yields and broad substrate scope, these catalysts can be reused for at least four new batches of the substrates. Spontaneous separation of coupling products in the aqueous reaction medium is the additional striking feature of this catalytic process. Furthermore, catalytic performance of palladium complexes bearing the azo-bridged phenyl groups was greatly influenced by the UV irradiation due to the cis/trans photoisomerization of azo unit of the catalysts. In conclusion, titled palladium complexes provide a green, sustainable, cost-effective, and convenient process to synthesize SMC products at multi-gram-scale reaction.

Synthesis of zwitterionic palladium complexes and their application as catalysts in cross-coupling reactions of aryl, heteroaryl and benzyl bromides with organoboron reagents in neat water

N-(3-Chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)-N′-arylimidazolium salts (aryl = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl [HL1Cl]Cl, aryl = mesityl [HL2Cl]Cl) have been synthesized by treating 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline with the corresponding N′-arylimidazole in neat water. Facile reactions of these imidazolium salts with Pd(PPh3)4 and Pd2(dba)3/PPh3 (dba = dibenzyledene acetone) at 50 °C have afforded zwitterionic palladium(ii) complexes [Pd(HL1)(PPh3)Cl2] (I) and [Pd(HL2)(PPh3)Cl2] (II) in excellent yields. I and II have been tested for their ability to catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling (SMC) reactions in neat water/K2CO3 and are found to be highly active for carrying out these reactions between aryl bromides and organoboron reagents. Furthermore, the scope of the catalyst I was also examined by employing (hetero)aryl bromides, hydrophilic aryl bromides, benzyl bromides and various organoboron reagents. More than 80 aryl/benzyl bromide-arylboronic acid combinations were screened in neat water/K2CO3 and it was found that I was a versatile catalyst, which produced biaryls/diarylmethanes in excellent yields. A TON of 82 000 was achieved by using I. Studies on the mechanism have also been carried out to investigate the involvement of carbene complexes in the catalytic path. Poison tests and a two-phase test were also conducted and the results are reported.

Cobalt-catalyzed preparation of arylindium reagents from aryl and heteroaryl bromides

A cobalt-bathophenanthroline catalyst has been developed for the direct preparation of a variety of arylindium reagents from the corresponding aryl and heteroaryl bromides in the presence of indium metal and lithium chloride. The thus-formed arylindium reagents undergo efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with aryl iodides, tolerating various functional groups including hydroxy and free amino groups.

Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings of unsaturated halides bearing relatively acidic hydrogen atoms with organozinc reagents

A wide range of polyfunctional aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, and benzylic zinc reagents were coupled with unsaturated aryl halides bearing an acidic NH or OH proton, using palladium(II) acetate (1 mol%), and S-Phos (2 mol%) as catalyst without the need of prot

A versatile catalyst system for suzuki-miyaura cross-coupling reactions of C(sp2)-tosylates and mesylates

Figure Presented A catalyst system for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl and vinyl tosylates and mesylates has been developed. This catalyst displays excellent functional group tolerance and allows the coupling of heteroarylboronic acids

Scope of the suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of potassium heteroaryltrifluoroborates

A wide variety of bench-stable potassium heteroaryltrifluoroborates were prepared, and general reaction conditions were developed for their cross-coupling to aryl and heteroaryl halides. The cross-coupled products were obtained in good to excellent yields. This method represents an efficient and facile installation of heterocyclic building blocks onto preexisting organic substructures.

Palladium- and nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings of unsaturated halides bearing relatively acidic protons with organozinc reagents

(Chemical Equation Presented) A wide range of polyfunctional aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, and benzylic zinc reagents were coupled with unsaturated aryl halides bearing an acidic NH or OH proton, using Pd(OAc)2 (1 mol %) and S-Phos (2 mol %) as catalyst without the need of protecting groups. A similar nickel-catalyzed reaction is described. The relative kinetic basicity of organozinc compounds as well as their stability toward acidic protons is also described.

Negishi cross-couplings of unsaturated halides bearing relatively acidic hydrogen atoms with organozinc reagents

(Chemical Equation Presented) A wide range of polyfunctional aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, and benzylic zinc reagents were coupled with unsaturated halides bearing an acidic NH or OH function, using Pd(OAc)2 (1 mol %) and S-Phos (2 mol %) as catalyst without the need of protecting groups.

Microwave-promoted Suzuki reactions of aryl chlorides in aqueous media

(Chemical Equation Presented) The microwave-promoted Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl chlorides with boronic acids performed in an aqueous media was studied using the air- and moisture-stable catalyst POPd2 (dihydrogen di-μ-chlorodichlorobis(di-test-butylphosphinito-κP)dipalladate (2-)). This catalyst system under microwave conditions (150°C, 15 min) provided coupled products with yields ranging from 64% to 99%. This method tolerated a variety of substituents and sterically hindered substrates.

INDOLYL-THIENO`3,4-B!PYRAZIN-3-ONE DERIVATIVES USEFUL FOR TREATING HYPER-PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS AND DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH ANGIOGENESIS

This invention relates to a compound of Formula (I): (I) and its use in treating hyper-proliferative disorders and diseases associated with angiogenesis.