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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

The synthesis and biological evaluation of sanguinarine derivatives as anti-non-small cell lung cancer agents

A novel series of sanguinarine (SA) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) agents. The compounds inhibited A549 and H1975 NSCLC cells with IC50 values of 0.96->30 ΜM and 0.79->30 ΜM, respectively. Compounds 8d-8j exhibited low micromolar inhibitory activity and indicated that the C6-position of SA was tolerated to be substituted by hydrophilic groups and CN. Further investigation of their mechanism of action showed that compound 8h induced apoptosis of A549 and H1975 cells by inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway and elevating the reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study provided a strategy for developing new anti-cancer agents.

In vitro antifungal activity of sanguinarine and chelerythrine derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi

In order to understand the antifungal activity of some derivatives of sanguinarine (S) and chelerythrine (C) and their structure-activity relationships, sixteen derivatives of S and C were prepared and evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity against seven phytopathogenic fungi by the mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that S, C and their 6-alkoxy dihydro derivatives S1-S4, C1-C4 and 6-cyanodihydro derivatives S5, C5 showed significant antifungal activity at 100 μg/mL against all the tested fungi. For most tested fungi, the median effective concentrations of S, S1, C and C1 were in a range of 14-50 μg/mL. The structure-activity relationship showed that the C=N+ moiety was the determinant for the antifungal activity of S and C. S1-S5 and C 1-C5 could be considered as the precursors of S and C, respectively. Thus, the present results strongly suggested that S and C or their derivatives S1-S5 and C1-C5 should be considered as good lead compounds or model molecules to develop new anti-phytopathogenic fungal agents.

Structural modification of sanguinarine and chelerythrine and their in vitro acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi

Sanguinarine (1) and chelerythrine (2) are two quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs). Eighteen derivatives of 1 and 2 were synthesized by modification of C=N+ bond and evaluated for their in vitro acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi , a mange mite. A new method was developed to prepare 6-alkoxy dihydro derivatives of 1 and 2 (1a-e, 2a-e). Among all the compounds, only 6-alkoxy dihydrosanguinarines (1a-e) showed significant acaricidal activity at 5.0 mg/mL and 1a possessed the strongest activity (50% lethal concentrations (LC50)=339.70±0.75 mg/L, 50% lethal time ( LT50)=6.53±0.04 h), comparable with a standard drug ivermectin (LC50=168.19±11.79 mg/L, LT 50=16.54±0.11 h). The iminium moiety in 1 and 2 was proven to be the determinant for their acaricidal properties. 6-Alkoxy dihydro derivatives (1a-e, 2a-e) were prodrugs of 1 and 2. Compared with 7,8-dimethoxy groups, 7,8-methylenedioxy group was able to significantly improve the bioactivity. The present results suggested that QBAs are promising candidates or lead compounds for the development of new isoquinoline acaricidal agents.

Structural modification of sanguinarine and chelerythrine and their antibacterial activity

In this study, five derivatives of sanguinarine (1) and chelerythrine (2) were prepared, with 1 and 2 as starting materials, by reduction, oxidation and nucleophilic addition to the iminium bond C=N+. The structures of all compounds were elucidated on account of their MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data. The antibacterial activities of all compounds were screened, using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila and Pasteurella multocida as test bacteria. The minimum bacteriostatic concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the active compounds were determined by the turbidity method. The structure-activity relationships of 1 and 2 were discussed. The results showed that 1, 2 and their pseudoalcoholates were found to be potent inhibitors to S. aureus, E. coli and A. hydrophila, while the other derivatives were found to be inactive. The pseudoalcoholates might be the prodrugs of 1 and 2. The iminium bond in the molecules of 1 or 2 was the determinant for antibacterial activity, and the substituents at the 7 and 8 positions influenced the antibacterial activities of 1 and 2 against different bacteria.