7382-11-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
The preparation and reaction of enolates within micro reactors
Wiles, Charlotte,Watts, Paul,Haswell, Stephen J.,Pombo-Villar, Esteban
, p. 10757 - 10773 (2007/10/03)
Over the past 5 years, interest in the miniaturisation of chemical synthesis has grown rapidly, however in order to facilitate transfer of the technology from its current position as a research tool to industrial applications, a core understanding of the challenges associated with transferring reactions from the macro to the micro domain is required. This paper therefore aims to broach this problem by investigating the application of micro reactors to a range of commonly employed synthetic reactions including acylation, aldol, alkylation, 1,4-conjugate addition (Michael addition) and the Knoevenagel condensation. Comparison of the results obtained with traditional batch techniques enable us to highlight some of the advantages associated with micro reaction technology.
Alkylation of carbonyl compounds in water: Formation of C-C and C-O bonds in the presence of surfactants
Cerichelli, Giorgio,Cerritelli, Simona,Chiarini, Marco,De Maria, Paolo,Fontana, Antonella
, p. 5204 - 5210 (2007/10/03)
The formation of C-C and C-O bonds by the reaction of enolate intermediates with electrophilic substrates commonly requires strong bases, aprotic solvents and very low temperatures. A way of performing the same reactions with sodium hydroxide at moderate temperatures in aqueous surfactant solutions is presented. Different halides, ketones and surfactants (cationic, zwitterionic and anionic) have been used. The results obtained show that the amount of ketone alkylation is much higher and that the reactions are faster in the presence than in the absence of surfactant aggregates. The hydrolysis of the halide is minimised in the presence of cationic or zwitterionic surfactants.
