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Upstream product

• 13325-10-5 4-Aminobutanol 
• 111782-87-7 3-(benzyloxy)-2-ethyl-4H-pyran-4-one 
• 100-39-0 benzyl bromide 
• 100-44-7 benzyl chloride 
• 4940-11-8 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyranone 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Hydroxypyridinone and 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment strategy for malignant and nonmalignant lesions. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is used as a precursor of the photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), in dermatology and urology. However, the effectiveness of ALA-PDT is limited by the relatively poor bioavailability of ALA and rapid conversion of PpIX to haem. The main goal of this study was to prepare and investigate a library of single conjugates designed to coadminister the bioactive agents ALA and hydroxypyridinone (HPO) iron chelators. A significant increase in intracellular PpIX levels was observed in all cell lines tested when compared to the administration of ALA alone. The higher PpIX levels observed using the conjugates correlated well with the observed phototoxicity following exposure of cells to light. Passive diffusion appears to be the main mechanism for the majority of ALA-HPOs investigated. This study demonstrates that ALA-HPOs significantly enhance phototherapeutic metabolite formation and phototoxicity.

5-aminolevulinic acid/3-hydroxyl pyridone conjugate, preparation method therefor and use of 5-aminolevulinic acid/3-hydroxyl pyridone conjugate

The invention discloses conjugates of 5-aminolevulinic acid and 3-hydroxyl pyrid-4-one. The conjugates are conjugates of 5-aminolevulinic acid and an iron chelating agent, i.e., 3-hydroxyl pyrid-4-one and are ALA-HPO conjugates 1 to 4 separately. The invention further simultaneously discloses a preparation method for the conjugates of 5-aminolevulinic acid and 3-hydroxyl pyrid-4-one and use of the conjugates of 5-aminolevulinic acid and 3-hydroxyl pyrid-4-one. The conjugates can be used for preparing photodynamic therapy drugs and can also be used for preparing drugs for treating skin cancer, lung cancer or verruca acuminata.

Synthesis, physicochemical properties, and evaluation of N-substituted- 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinones

The synthesis of a range of 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinones with potential for the chelation of iron(III) is described. The pK(a) values of respective ligands and the stability constants of their iron(III) complexes are presented. The distribution coefficient values of a range of 48 hydroxypyridinones and their corresponding iron(III) complexes between 1- octanol and MOPS buffer (pH 7.4) are reported. The range of log D(complex) values covers 7 orders of magnitude. The results suggest the existence of a biphasic relationship between the distribution coefficient values of the chelator and the corresponding iron(III) complexes. For ligands with a log D(ligand) = -1, a linear relationship exists with a value of the slope 2.53, whereas with ligands with a log D(ligand) 59Fe]ferritin-loaded rat model. Both systems compare the ability of chelators to remove iron from the liver, the prime target organ in thalassemia. The N-(hydroxyalkyl)-3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones are demonstrated to be orally active under the in vivo conditions adopted. Thus both 1- (hydroxyalkyl)- and 1-(carboxyalkyl)pyridinones are able to remove iron from the liver. Although 1-(carboxyalkyl)hydroxypyridinones are: active, they do not demonstrate any clear advantage over Deferiprone (1,2-dimethyl-3- hydroxypyridin-4-one). Indeed 1-(hydroxyalkyl)hydroxypyridinones which are known to be rapidly converted to 1-(carboxYalkyl)hydroxypyridinones are also marginally superior to Deferiprone. In contrast, 2-ethyl-1-(2'- hydroxyethyl)3-hydroxypyridin-4-one, which is not metabolized to the corresponding (carboxyalkyl)hydroxypyridinone, was found to be superior to Deferiprone and therefore deserves further consideration as an orally active iron chelator with potential for the treatment of iron overload associated with transfusion-dependent thalassemia.