740794-79-0

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Synthesis:
(R)-3-Amino-3-(2-chloro-phenyl)-propionic acid is used as a key intermediate for the development of pharmaceutical compounds, leveraging its unique structure to create molecules with specific receptor and enzyme binding affinities.
Used in Medicinal Chemistry Research:
In the field of medicinal chemistry, (R)-3-Amino-3-(2-chloro-phenyl)-propionic acid is utilized as a valuable research tool, enabling the exploration of structure-activity relationships and the optimization of drug candidates for enhanced efficacy and selectivity.
Used in Drug Development:
(R)-3-Amino-3-(2-chloro-phenyl)-propionic acid is employed as a building block in the creation of biologically active molecules, contributing to the advancement of novel drugs with potential therapeutic applications in various medical conditions.

Upstream product

• 89-98-5 2-chloro-benzaldehyde 
• 68208-20-8 3-amino-3-(2-chloro-phenyl)-propionic acid 
• 103-81-1 Benzeneacetamide 
• 2039-87-4 2-chlorostyrene 
• 83716-63-6 (+/-)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-azetidinone 
• 141-82-2 malonic acid 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 631-61-8 ammonium acetate 

Downstream Products

• 945419-77-2 C₁₁H₁₄O₂NCl*HCl 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Base-induced Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement of N-(α-(2-oxyethyl)branched)benzylic glycine ester-derived ammonium salts via a chelated intermediate

The base-induced Sommelet–Hauser (S–H) rearrangement of N-(α-branched)benzylic glycine ester-derived ammonium salts 1 was investigated. When the α-branched substituent was a simple alkyl, such as a methyl or butyl, desired S–H rearrangement product 2 was obtained in low yield with formation of the [1,2] Stevens rearranged 4 and Hofmann eliminated products 5 and 6. However, when the α-branched substituent had a 2-oxy moiety, such as 2-acetoxyethyl or 2-benzoyloxyethyl, the yields of 2 were improved. These results could be explained by formation of chelated intermediate C that stabilizes the carbanionic ylide, and the subsequent initial dearomative [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement would be accelerated. The existence of C was supported by mechanistic experiments. This enhancement effect is not very strong or effective; however, it will expand the synthetic usefulness of ammonium ylide rearrangements.

Kinetic Resolution of Aromatic β-Amino Acids Using a Combination of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase and Aminomutase Biocatalysts

An enzymatic strategy for the preparation of (R)-β-arylalanines employing phenylalanine aminomutase and ammonia lyase (PAM and PAL) enzymes has been demonstrated. Candidate PAMs with the desired (S)-selectivity from Streptomyces maritimus (EncP) and Bacillus sp. (PabH) were identified via sequence analysis using a well-studied template sequence. The newly discovered PabH could be linked to the first ever proposed biosynthesis of pyloricidin-like secondary metabolites and was shown to display better β-lyase activity in many cases. In spite of this, a method combining the higher conversion of EncP with a strict α-lyase from Anabaena variabilis (AvPAL) was found to be more amenable, allowing kinetic resolution of five racemic substrates and a preparative-scale reaction with >98% (R) enantiomeric excess. This work represents an improved and enantiocomplementary method to existing biocatalytic strategies, allowing simple product separation and modular telescopic combination with a preceding chemical step using an achiral aldehyde as starting material. (Figure presented.).

Influence of the aromatic moiety in α- And β-arylalanines on their biotransformation with phenylalanine 2,3-aminomutase from: Pantoea agglomerans

In this study enantiomer selective isomerization of various racemic α- and β-arylalanines catalysed by phenylalanine 2,3-aminomutase from Pantoea agglomerans (PaPAM) was investigated. Both α- and β-arylalanines were accepted as substrates when the aryl moiety was relatively small, like phenyl, 2-, 3-, 4-fluorophenyl or thiophen-2-yl. While 2-substituted α-phenylalanines bearing bulky electron withdrawing substituents did not react, the corresponding substituted β-aryl analogues were converted rapidly. Conversion of 3- and 4-substituted α-arylalanines happened smoothly, while conversion of the corresponding β-arylalanines was poor or non-existent. In the range of pH 7-9 there was no significant influence on the conversion of racemic α- or β-(thiophen-2-yl)alanines, whereas increasing the concentration of ammonia (ammonium carbonate from 50 to 1000 mM) inhibited the isomerization progressively and decreased the amount of the by-product (i.e. (E)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid was detected). In all cases, the high ee values of the products indicated excellent enantiomer selectivity and stereospecificity of the isomerization except for (S)-2-nitro-α-phenylalanine (ee 92%) from the β-isomer. Substituent effects were rationalized by computational modelling revealing that one of the main factors controlling biocatalytic activity was the energy difference between the covalent regioisomeric enzyme-substrate complexes.

Enantioselective acylation of β-phenylalanine acid and its derivatives catalyzed by penicillin G acylase from alcaligenes faecalis

This study developed a simple, efficient method for producing racemic β-phenylalanine acid (BPA) and its derivatives via the enantioselective acylation catalyzed by the penicillin G acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis (Af-PGA). When the reaction was run at 25°C and pH 10 in an aqueous medium containing phenylacetamide and BPA in a molar ratio of 2:1, 8 U/mL enzyme and 0.1 M BPA, the maximum BPA conversion efficiency at 40 min only reached 36.1%, which, however, increased to 42.9% as the pH value and the molar ratio of phenylacetamide to BPA were elevated to 11 and 3:1, respectively. Under the relatively optimum reaction conditions, the maximum conversion efficiencies of BPA derivatives all reached about 50% in a relatively short reaction time (45-90 min). The enantiomeric excess value of product (eep) and enantiomeric excess value of substrate (ees) were all above 98% and 95%, respectively. These results suggest that the method established in this study is practical, effective, and environmentally benign and may be applied to industrial production of enantiomerically pure BPA and its derivatives.

Carica papaya lipase catalysed resolution of β-amino esters for the highly enantioselective synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine

An efficient synthesis of the (S)-3-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid enantiomer has been achieved by Carica papaya lipase (CPL) catalysed enantioselective alcoholysis of the corresponding racemic N-protected 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters in an organic solvent. A high enantioselectivity (E > 200) was achieved by two strategies that involved engineering of the substrates and optimization of the reaction conditions. Based on the resolution of a series of amino acids, it was found that the structure of the substrate has a profound effect on the CPL-catalysed resolution. The enantioselectivity and reaction rate were significantly enhanced by switching the conventional methyl ester to an activated trifluoroethyl ester. When considering steric effects, the substituted phenyl and amino groups should not both be large for the CPL-catalysed resolution. The mechanism of the CPL-catalysed enantioselective alcoholoysis of the amino acids is discussed to delineate the substrate requirements for CPL-catalysed resolution. Finally, the reaction was scaled up, and the products were separated and obtained in good yields (≥ 80 %). The (S)-3-amino-3- phenylpropanoic acid obtained was used as a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine with very high enantiomeric excess (> 99 %). A carica papaya lipase catalysed resolution of N-protected β-phenylalanine esters has been developed. High enantioselectivity was achieved by two strategies that involved engineering of the substrates and optimization of the reaction conditions. After 50 % conversion, the products were separated and used as key chiral intermediates for the synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine with > 99 % ee. Copyright

Development of a commercial process for (S)-β-phenylalanine (1)

The development of a commercial manufacturing route for (S)-β-phenylalanine 8, a key pharmaceutical building block, is described. The different approaches which were investigated, based on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of enamide intermediates and on biocatalysis using acylase and lipase hydrolyses, are compared. The lipase resolution route was chosen for scale-up, and the final two-step process, based on readily available raw materials, is shown to be robust at full manufacturing scale

Phenylalanine aminomutase-catalyzed addition of ammonia to substituted cinnamic acids: A route to enantiopure α- and β-amino acids

(Chemical Equation Presented) An approach is described for the synthesis of aromatic α- and β-amino acids that uses phenylalanine aminomutase to catalyze a highly enantioselective addition of ammonia to substituted cinnamic acids. The reaction has a broad scope and yields substituted α- and β-phenylalanines with excellent enantiomeric excess. The regioselectivity of the conversion is determined by substituents present at the aromatic ring. A box model for the enzyme active site is proposed, derived from the influence of the hydrophobicity of substituents on the enzyme affinity toward various substrates.

A new route to enantiopure β-aryl-substituted β-amino acids and 4-aryl-substituted β-lactams through lipase-catalyzed enantioselective ring cleavage of β-lactams

A simple and efficient direct enzymatic method was developed for the synthesis of 4-aryl-substituted β-lactams and the corresponding β-amino acid enantiomers through the CAL-B (lipase B from Candida antarctica)-catalyzed enantioselective (E > 200) ring cleavage of the corresponding racemic β-lactams with 1 equiv. of H2O in i-Pr2O at 60°C. The product (R)-β-amino acids (ee ≥ 98%, yields ≥ 42%) and unreacted (S)-β-lactams (ee ≥ 95%, yields ≥ 41%) could be easily separated. The ring opening of enantiomeric β-lactams with 18% HCl afforded the corresponding enantiopure β-amino acid hydrochlorides (ee ≥ 99%).

TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

The present invention relates to selective NK-1 receptor antagonists of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of disorders associated with an excess of tachykinins.

Structure-activity relationships of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones as human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists

SAR studies of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones as human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists resulted in potent compounds. The best compound from the series had a binding affinity of 2 nM.