741-03-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Salt Effects on Proton Transfer from Nitrophenols to Amine or Pyridine Bases in Acetonitrile
Hojo, Masashi,Hasegawa, Hiroshi,Mizobe, Atsuko,Ohkawa, Yoshiki,Miimi, Yasuno
, p. 16609 - 16615 (2007/10/02)
The addition of MClO4 (M+ = Li+ and Na+) to 1.0 x 10-1 mol dm-3 2,4-dinitrophenol and the equivalent concentration of γ-picoline (4-methylpyridine) in acetonitrile caused a promoted proton transfer from the phenol to the base to the extent of 62 and 23 percent for 0.1 mol dm-3 Li+ and Na+, respectively.Alkaline-earth metal perchclorates (M(ClO4)2) had larger effects even at low concentrations of M2+, e. g., the proton-transfer ratio was 90 percent for 1.0 x 10-2 mol dm-3 Mg(ClO4)2.The effects of M2+ decreased with increasing size of the cation: Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Sr2+ > Ba2+.With the addition of MClO4 or M(ClO4)2, a higher proton transfer ratio was observed for 2,5-dinitrophenol + γ-collidine than for 2,4-dinitrophenol + γ-picoline.The salt effects of MClO4 or M(ClO4)2 on the acid-base reactions were accounted for by the formation of triple cations or complex species of M+ or M2+ with the phenolate ions (B represents base): (NO2)2 PhOH-B + 2M+ ->/-(M+)2 + BH+; (NO2)2PhOH-B + M2+ ->/-M2+ + BH+.The stronger the base, the greater the proton transfer (based on the addition of salts) from the phenols.The effects of LiClO4 on 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) + 2-chloropyridine were very small; however, the effects on the proton transfer from 2- and 4-nitrophenol to triethylamine were very large.The extent of the proton transfer (based on the addition of LiClO4) from nitrophenols in the presence of appropriate bases was coincident with the order of the formation constants of ion aggregates (ion pairs and triple ions) for lithium nitrophenolates in acetonitrile: 2- >> 4-, 2,5- > 2,4- >> 2,4,6-.The "free" phenolate ions were produced by the addition of tetraalkylammonium halides (R4N+X-: R = Et, n-Bu; X- = Cl-, Br-, I-) to the nitrophenols in the presence of bases inacetonitrile: (NO2)nPhOH-B + 2X- ->?- + BH+(X-)2.The presence of a base was not essential for the deprotonation of picric acid with R4NX.
Quantitative Treatment of Bromide Ion Nucleophilicity in a Microemulsion
Bunton, Clifford A.,Buzzaccarini, Francesco de
, p. 5010 - 5014 (2007/10/02)
The reaction of p-bromophenacylmethyl picryl ether with bromide ion was followed in a microemulsion of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr), n-octane, and n-butyl or tert-amyl alcohol.The second-order rate constants in the microemulsion droplets were estimated from the concentration of Br- in the droplets determined electrochemically.These rate constants are insensitive to the composition of the microemulsion, are similar to those in CTABr micelles in water and in aqueous n-butyl, n-hexyl, and tert-amyl alcohol, and are slightly higher than those estimated for the reaction in water.They are smaller than rate constants in the water-alcohol mixtures of relatively low water content.
